Holdford David A
Center for Pharmacy Practice Innovation (CPPI), Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University. Richmond, VA (United States).
Pharm Pract (Granada). 2018 Jul-Sep;16(3):1351. doi: 10.18549/PharmPract.2018.03.1351. Epub 2018 Sep 14.
A growing body of research demonstrates the effectiveness of evidence-based pharmacy practice, but too many practice innovations fail to survive past the initial implementation and study phase. This paper presents the resource-based theory of competitive advantage as a framework for describing, understanding, and predicting the adoption and dissemination pharmacy service innovations into routine practice. The theory argues that the sustainability of any business innovation (e.g., pharmacy service) is based upon (1) the internal resources of the firm offering it, (2) the firm's capabilities in using those resources, (3) the competitive advantage to the firm of its resources and capabilities, (4) the attractiveness of the market in which it competes, and (5) the innovation's contribution to financial performance of the firm. This paper argues that the resource-based theory of competitive advantage provides a foundation for comparing findings from different research frameworks and studies relating to innovations in services, service processes, and service business models. The paper also poses a number of research questions related to the theory that can be used to further the literature about pharmacy practice innovations. Finally, it makes a case that competition is a fundamental aspect of pharmacy practice and the resource-based theory of competitive advantage can serve as a general theory for studying innovations in pharmacy practice and in the social and administrative sciences.
越来越多的研究证明了循证药学实践的有效性，但太多的实践创新在初始实施和研究阶段之后便无法持续下去。本文提出基于资源的竞争优势理论，作为描述、理解和预测药学服务创新在常规实践中的采用和传播的框架。该理论认为，任何商业创新（如药学服务）的可持续性都基于以下几点：（1）提供该创新的公司的内部资源；（2）公司运用这些资源的能力；（3）公司的资源和能力所带来的竞争优势；（4）其竞争所处市场的吸引力；（5）该创新对公司财务绩效的贡献。本文认为，基于资源的竞争优势理论为比较不同研究框架和与服务、服务流程及服务商业模式创新相关研究的结果提供了基础。本文还提出了一些与该理论相关的研究问题，可用于丰富有关药学实践创新的文献。最后，本文论证了竞争是药学实践的一个基本方面，基于资源的竞争优势理论可作为研究药学实践以及社会和管理科学创新的通用理论。
