Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2018 Sep;79(5):781-789. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.781.
A growing body of research indicates that pain is associated with the maintenance of tobacco smoking. Distress intolerance (DI) may play an important role in the link between pain and smoking. The goal of this study was to examine the association between past-month pain status and DI among a sample of daily cigarette smokers. It was hypothesized that smokers who reported past-month pain (vs. those reporting no past-month pain) would have higher perceived DI (i.e., lower scores on the Distress Tolerance Scale [DTS]) and higher physical DI (i.e., shorter persistence during the Breath-Holding Duration Task), and would report greater subjective distress and physical sensations during the breath-holding task.
Participants (N = 126) were daily smokers (56.3% male) who attended a baseline session for a larger experimental study on smoking behavior. Participants self-reported the presence and severity of past-month pain and completed two breath-holding duration trials approximately 15 minutes after smoking. Data were cross-sectional in nature.
Smokers with past-month pain had lower scores on the DTS relative to smokers without pain. No differences in breath-holding duration were observed. In addition, smokers with past-month pain, relative to those without, reported greater subjective distress and physical sensations during the initial, but not second, breath-holding trial.
This is the first study to show that smokers with co-occurring pain may harbor beliefs about their inability to tolerate aversive psychological states, and are more emotionally reactive to physiological provocation (breath-holding task), than smokers without co-occurring pain. DI among smokers with pain may represent one mechanism by which pain contributes to the maintenance of smoking behavior.
越来越多的研究表明，疼痛与吸烟行为的维持有关。痛苦耐受力（DI）在疼痛与吸烟之间的联系中可能起着重要作用。本研究的目的是检验在一组每日吸烟人群中，过去一个月的疼痛状况与 DI 之间的关系。研究假设报告过去一个月有疼痛（与报告过去一个月无疼痛的人相比）的吸烟者会有更高的感知 DI（即，在痛苦耐受力量表 [DTS] 上的得分更低）和更高的身体 DI（即，在屏息持续时间任务中坚持的时间更短），并且在屏息任务中会报告更大的主观痛苦和身体感觉。
参与者（N = 126）是每日吸烟者（56.3%为男性），他们参加了一项关于吸烟行为的更大规模实验研究的基线会议。参与者自我报告过去一个月疼痛的存在和严重程度，并在吸烟后大约 15 分钟完成两次屏息持续时间试验。数据具有横断面性质。
与无疼痛的吸烟者相比，有过去一个月疼痛史的吸烟者在 DTS 上的得分较低。未观察到屏息持续时间的差异。此外，与无疼痛的吸烟者相比，有过去一个月疼痛史的吸烟者在初始而非第二次屏息试验期间报告了更大的主观痛苦和身体感觉。
这是第一项表明同时患有疼痛的吸烟者可能对自己无法忍受不愉快的心理状态的信念，并且对生理刺激（屏息任务）更具情绪反应的研究。疼痛吸烟者的 DI 可能是疼痛促进吸烟行为维持的机制之一。
