Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A.
Essays Biochem. 2018 Dec 7;62(6):793-801. doi: 10.1042/EBC20180036.
Throughout biology, specifying cellular events at the correct location and time is necessary for ensuring proper function. The formation of robust microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) in mitosis is one such event that must be restricted in space to centrosomes to prevent ectopic MTOC formation elsewhere in the cell, a situation that can result in multipolar spindle formation and aneuploidy. The process of reaching maximum centrosome MTOC activity in late G2, known as centrosome maturation, ensures accurate timing of nuclear envelope breakdown and proper chromosome attachment. Although centrosome maturation has been recognized for over a century, the spatial and temporal regulatory mechanisms that direct MTOC activation are poorly understood. Here, we review Sas-4/CPAP, Asterless/Cep152, Spd-2/Cep192, and PLP/Pericentrin, a group of proteins we refer to as 'bridge' proteins that reside at the surface of centrioles, perfectly positioned to serve as the gatekeepers of proper centrosome maturation at the perfect place and time.
在整个生物学领域，准确地在特定位置和时间指定细胞事件对于确保正常功能是必要的。有丝分裂中形成稳健的微管组织中心（MTOC）就是这样一个事件，必须将其空间限制在中心体上，以防止细胞内其他部位出现异位 MTOC 形成，否则会导致多极纺锤体形成和非整倍体。在晚期 G2 期达到中心体 MTOC 活性最大值的过程，称为中心体成熟，可确保核膜破裂和正确染色体附着的时间准确。尽管中心体成熟已经被认识了一个多世纪，但指导 MTOC 激活的时空调节机制仍知之甚少。在这里，我们回顾 Sas-4/CPAP、Asterless/Cep152、Spd-2/Cep192 和 PLP/Pericentrin，我们将这组位于中心粒表面的蛋白质称为“桥梁”蛋白质，它们处于完美的位置，可以作为适当的中心体成熟的守门员，在适当的地点和时间发挥作用。
