Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018 May;19(5):297-312. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.127. Epub 2018 Jan 24.
Centrioles are conserved microtubule-based organelles that form the core of the centrosome and act as templates for the formation of cilia and flagella. Centrioles have important roles in most microtubule-related processes, including motility, cell division and cell signalling. To coordinate these diverse cellular processes, centriole number must be tightly controlled. In cycling cells, one new centriole is formed next to each pre-existing centriole in every cell cycle. Advances in imaging, proteomics, structural biology and genome editing have revealed new insights into centriole biogenesis, how centriole numbers are controlled and how alterations in these processes contribute to diseases such as cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, recent work has uncovered the existence of surveillance pathways that limit the proliferation of cells with numerical centriole aberrations. Owing to this progress, we now have a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing centriole biogenesis, opening up new possibilities for targeting these pathways in the context of human disease.
中心体是保守的微管基细胞器，构成中心体的核心，作为纤毛和鞭毛形成的模板。中心体在大多数与微管相关的过程中发挥着重要作用，包括运动、细胞分裂和细胞信号转导。为了协调这些多样化的细胞过程，中心体数量必须受到严格控制。在细胞周期中，每个细胞周期都会在每个预先存在的中心体旁边形成一个新的中心体。成像、蛋白质组学、结构生物学和基因组编辑方面的进展揭示了中心体发生、中心体数量如何受到控制以及这些过程的改变如何导致癌症和神经发育障碍等疾病的新见解。此外，最近的工作揭示了存在监视途径，可以限制具有数值中心体异常的细胞的增殖。由于这一进展，我们现在对控制中心体发生的分子机制有了更好的理解，为在人类疾病的背景下靶向这些途径开辟了新的可能性。
