1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
2 Department of Bioengineering.
Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018 Nov;15(Suppl 3):S210-S215. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201806-439AW.
Respiratory tissues are bombarded by billions of particles daily. If allowed to accumulate, these particles can cause injury, inflammation, or infection, and thus may significantly disrupt airflow and gas exchange. Mucociliary defense, a primary mechanism for protecting host tissues, operates through the coordinated functions of mucus and cilia that trap and eliminate inhaled materials. Mucociliary function is also required for the elimination of endogenous cells and debris. Although defense is necessarily robust, it is also tightly regulated to minimize physiologic disruption of the host. Indeed, mucociliary dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of many lung diseases-including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis-in which airflow limitation, inflammation, persistent tissue injury, and structural remodeling occur. Here, we highlight recent advances in cilia and mucin biology, the importance of well-controlled mucociliary interactions, and the need to better understand how these regulate innate barrier and immune defense.
呼吸道组织每天都会受到数十亿个粒子的冲击。如果这些粒子得以积累，就可能导致损伤、炎症或感染，从而严重扰乱气流和气体交换。作为保护宿主组织的主要机制之一，黏液纤毛防御通过黏液和纤毛的协调功能发挥作用，纤毛捕获并清除吸入的物质。为了清除内源性细胞和碎片，也需要黏液纤毛功能。尽管防御机制必然是强大的，但它也受到严格的调控，以最大程度地减少对宿主的生理干扰。事实上，黏液纤毛功能障碍是许多肺部疾病（包括哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺纤维化和囊性纤维化）的发病机制之一，这些疾病会导致气流受限、炎症、持续的组织损伤和结构重塑。在这里，我们重点介绍纤毛和粘蛋白生物学的最新进展，强调良好控制的黏液纤毛相互作用的重要性，并需要更好地了解这些相互作用如何调节先天屏障和免疫防御。
