Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 15;13(11):e0206474. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206474. eCollection 2018.
Understanding respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) morbidity may help to plan health care and future vaccine recommendations. We aim to describe the characteristics and temporal distribution of children diagnosed with RSV admitted in a Spanish hospital.
Descriptive study for which the hospital discharges of children < 5 years of age with RSV infection were analyzed. The information was extracted from the hospital discharge database of a reference pediatric hospital in northern Spain for the 2010-2011 to 2014-2015 RSV seasons.
Six hundred and forty-seven hospitalizations of children with RSV infection were analyzed, 94% of which occurred between the second week of November and the last week of March. Most children (72%) were under one year of age and 95% were previously healthy infants. Infants born from October to December had the highest risk of hospitalization in the first year of life. The median length of hospital stay of children with and without comorbidities was six and three days, respectively. 6.5% of the hospitalized cases were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit; this percentage was higher among children < 2 months (adjusted odds ratio 4.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.37-12.61) or with comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio 4.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.53-11.28). The case lethality was 0.3%.
The risk of hospitalizations for RSV is high during the first year of life and increases among infants born in the fall. Being under two months of age and presenting comorbidities are the main risk factors associated to pediatric intensive care unit admission.
了解呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）发病率有助于规划医疗保健和未来的疫苗推荐。我们旨在描述在西班牙一家医院诊断为 RSV 住院的儿童的特征和时间分布。
这是一项描述性研究，分析了 2010-2011 年至 2014-2015 年 RSV 季节期间西班牙一家参考儿科医院因 RSV 感染住院的<5 岁儿童的医院出院情况。从医院出院数据库中提取信息。
分析了 647 例 RSV 感染儿童的住院情况，其中 94%发生在 11 月第二周至 3 月最后一周。大多数儿童（72%）年龄在一岁以下，95%为之前健康的婴儿。10 月至 12 月出生的婴儿在生命的第一年住院风险最高。有和无合并症儿童的中位住院时间分别为 6 天和 3 天。6.5%的住院病例被收入儿科重症监护病房；<2 个月（调整后的优势比 4.15；95%置信区间：1.37-12.61）或有合并症（调整后的优势比 4.15；95%置信区间：1.53-11.28）的儿童中，这一比例更高。病例死亡率为 0.3%。
在生命的第一年，因 RSV 住院的风险很高，秋季出生的婴儿风险增加。年龄<2 个月和有合并症是与儿科重症监护病房入院相关的主要危险因素。
