Rosenberg M
Department of Informatics, University of Oslo.
Ann Hum Biol. 1988 Jul-Aug;15(4):275-88. doi: 10.1080/03014468800009751.
Data from birth records from three maternity hospitals in Norway have been used to study the trend in birth weight in this country from 1860-1984. The investigation is based on a sample of 200-300 records taken at random from 2 to 5 years around every 10th year, from each of the three maternity hospitals--amounting to a total sample of 9152 women. Besides describing the trend in birth weight, I have analysed the different factors influencing birth weight--using multivariate linear regression methods. The results show that the mean birth weight has changed remarkably little throughout this period of 120 years. The total increase has only been just below 200 g. From Montreal, Ward and Ward (1984) have reported a decrease in mean birth weight of about 430 g during the second half of the last century. The Norwegian data indicates a simultaneous fall in mean birth weight of about 70 g. This fall is, however, found mainly among unmarried women. Thus, the great decline in birth weight which is found in Montreal, is not apparent in our material from Norway, despite the fact that Oslo was industrialized at approximately the same time as Montreal. Of the various independent variables used in the multiple regression analyses, only the following variables appear to be of any importance: the year when the birth took place, the mother's menarcheal age, her marital status, the sex of the child and the parity number. In this material, I have found a linearly increasing birth weight from birth number 2 up to at least parity 8, and a larger increase from parity 1 to 2. The birth weight shows a significant increase in the case of married women as opposed to unmarried. This effect is most marked before 1900, indicating that the social conditions gradually became less unequal after the turn of the century. The birth weights have a decreasing tendency with higher ages of menarche. This tendency is constant throughout the whole period of time. Boys appear to be about 112 g heavier than girls, this difference being largely the same throughout the investigated period.
挪威三家妇产医院的出生记录数据被用于研究该国1860年至1984年期间的出生体重趋势。该调查基于从三家妇产医院中每隔10年左右在2至5年中随机抽取的200 - 300份记录样本，总计9152名女性样本。除了描述出生体重趋势外，我还使用多元线性回归方法分析了影响出生体重的不同因素。结果表明，在这120年期间，平均出生体重变化非常小。总体增加量仅略低于200克。蒙特利尔、沃德和沃德（1984年）报告称，上世纪下半叶平均出生体重下降了约430克。挪威的数据显示平均出生体重同时下降了约70克。然而，这种下降主要出现在未婚女性中。因此，尽管奥斯陆与蒙特利尔大致在同一时间实现工业化，但在我们来自挪威的材料中并未明显出现蒙特利尔所发现的出生体重大幅下降的情况。在多元回归分析中使用的各种自变量中，只有以下变量似乎具有重要意义：孩子出生年份、母亲初潮年龄、婚姻状况、孩子性别和产次。在这个样本中，我发现从第2胎到至少第8胎出生体重呈线性增加，且从第1胎到第2胎增加幅度更大。已婚女性的出生体重相对于未婚女性有显著增加。这种影响在1900年之前最为明显，表明世纪之交后社会状况逐渐变得不那么不平等。初潮年龄越大，出生体重有下降趋势。这种趋势在整个时间段内保持不变。男孩似乎比女孩重约112克，在整个调查期间这种差异基本相同。
