Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
Adv Mater. 2019 Mar;31(13):e1804394. doi: 10.1002/adma.201804394. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
The key in designing efficient direct liquid fuel cells (DLFCs), which can offer some solutions to society's grand challenges associated with sustainability and energy future, currently lies in the development of cost-effective electrocatalysts. Among the many types of fuel cells, direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHFCs) are of particular interest, especially due to their high theoretical cell voltages and clean emission. However, DHFCs currently use noble-metal-based electrocatalysts, and the scarcity and high cost of noble metals are hindering these fuel cells from finding large-scale practical applications. In order to replace noble-metal-based electrocatalysts with sustainable ones and help DHFCs become widely usable, great efforts are being made to develop stable heteroatom (e.g., B, N, O, P and S)-doped carbon electrocatalysts, the activities of which are comparable to, or better than, those of noble metals. Here, the recent research progress and the advancements made on the development of heteroatom-doped carbon materials, their general properties, their electrocatalytic activities toward the HzOR, and their dopant- and structure-related electrocatalytic properties for the HzOR are summarized. Perspectives on the different directions that the research endeavors in this field need to take in the future and the challenges associated with DHFCs are included.
设计高效的直接液体燃料电池（DLFC）的关键在于开发具有成本效益的电催化剂，而这些燃料电池可以为社会在可持续性和能源未来方面面临的重大挑战提供一些解决方案。在众多类型的燃料电池中，直接肼燃料电池（DHFC）特别引人关注，尤其是因为其具有高理论电池电压和清洁排放的特点。然而，DHFC 目前使用基于贵金属的电催化剂，而贵金属的稀缺性和高成本阻碍了这些燃料电池的大规模实际应用。为了用可持续的催化剂替代贵金属基电催化剂，帮助 DHFC 得到广泛应用，人们正在努力开发稳定的杂原子（例如 B、N、O、P 和 S）掺杂碳电催化剂，其活性可与贵金属相媲美，甚至更好。本文总结了近年来在开发杂原子掺杂碳材料方面的研究进展和突破，包括它们的一般性质、对 HzOR 的电催化活性以及与掺杂和结构相关的 HzOR 电催化性能。此外，还对该领域未来研究工作的不同方向和 DHFC 面临的挑战进行了展望。
