Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Acta Biomater. 2019 Jan 15;84:1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.018. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
Complex physical and chemical interactions take place in the interface between the implant surface and bone. Various descriptions of the ultrastructural arrangement to various implant design features, ranging from solid and macroporous geometries to surface modifications on the micron-, submicron-, and nano- levels, have been put forward. Here, the current knowledge regarding structural organisation of the bone-implant interface is reviewed with a focus on solid devices, mainly metal (or alloy) intended for permanent anchorage in bone. Certain biomaterials that undergo surface and bulk degradation are also considered. The bone-implant interface is a heterogeneous zone consisting of mineralised, partially mineralised, and unmineralised areas. Within the meso-micro-nano-continuum, mineralised collagen fibrils form the structural basis of the bone-implant interface, in addition to accumulation of non-collagenous macromolecules such as osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. In the published literature, as many as eight distinct arrangements of the bone-implant interface ultrastructure have been described. The interpretation is influenced by the in vivo model and species-specific characteristics, healing time point(s), physico-chemical properties of the implant surface, implant geometry, sample preparation route(s) and associated artefacts, analytical technique(s) and their limitations, and non-compromised vs compromised local tissue conditions. The understanding of the ultrastructure of the interface under experimental conditions is rapidly evolving due to the introduction of novel techniques for sample preparation and analysis. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the interface zone in humans in relation to clinical implant performance is still hampered by the shortcomings of clinical methods for resolving the finer details of the bone-implant interface. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Being a hierarchical material by design, the overall strength of bone is governed by composition and structure. Understanding the structure of the bone-implant interface is essential in the development of novel bone repair materials and strategies, and their long-term success. Here, the current knowledge regarding the eventual structural organisation of the bone-implant interface is reviewed, with a focus on solid devices intended for permanent anchorage in bone, and certain biomaterials that undergo surface and bulk degradation. The bone-implant interface is a heterogeneous zone consisting of mineralised, partially mineralised, and unmineralised areas. Within the meso-micro-nano-continuum, mineralised collagen fibrils form the structural basis of the bone-implant interface, in addition to accumulation of non-collagenous macromolecules such as osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin.
在植入物表面和骨骼之间的界面处会发生复杂的物理和化学相互作用。已经提出了各种描述，从实心和大孔几何形状到微米、亚微米和纳米级表面修饰，用于各种植入物设计特征的超微结构排列。在这里，我们回顾了关于骨-植入物界面结构组织的现有知识，重点是用于骨内永久固定的实心装置，主要是金属（或合金）。还考虑了某些经历表面和体降解的生物材料。骨-植入物界面是一个不均匀的区域，由矿化、部分矿化和未矿化区域组成。在中-微-纳连续体中，矿化胶原纤维形成骨-植入物界面的结构基础，除了非胶原蛋白大分子如骨桥蛋白、骨唾液蛋白和骨钙素的积累。在已发表的文献中，已经描述了多达八种不同的骨-植入物界面超微结构排列。这种解释受到体内模型和物种特异性特征、愈合时间点、植入物表面的物理化学性质、植入物几何形状、样品制备途径和相关伪影、分析技术及其局限性以及无妥协与妥协的局部组织条件的影响。由于引入了用于样品制备和分析的新技术，因此在实验条件下对界面超微结构的理解正在迅速发展。然而，由于临床方法在解析骨-植入物界面更细微细节方面的局限性，目前对人类界面区域与临床植入物性能的关系的理解仍然受到阻碍。意义声明：作为一种设计上的层次材料，骨骼的整体强度由组成和结构决定。了解骨-植入物界面的结构对于新型骨修复材料和策略的开发及其长期成功至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了关于骨-植入物界面最终结构组织的现有知识，重点是用于骨内永久固定的实心装置，以及某些经历表面和体降解的生物材料。骨-植入物界面是一个不均匀的区域，由矿化、部分矿化和未矿化区域组成。在中-微-纳连续体中，矿化胶原纤维形成骨-植入物界面的结构基础，除了非胶原蛋白大分子如骨桥蛋白、骨唾液蛋白和骨钙素的积累。
