Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
PhD Program in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Mar 1;654:218-225. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.115. Epub 2018 Nov 10.
Mediterranean rivers are strongly affected by pollution and water scarcity. Over the summer period, urban and industrial effluents arrive into the rivers with little dilution. In order to assess the water quality, two native fish species, Barbus meridionalis and Squalius laietanus, were collected from six sites along the Ripoll River (Spain). PAH metabolites, alkylphenols (nonylphenol and octylphenol) and the musk galaxolide levels were determined in bile. 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin O-debenzyloxylase (BFCOD) were measured as metabolic biomarkers, and the activity of CYP19 aromatase was determined in the ovaries of B. meridionalis as a biomarker of endocrine disruption. The analysis of bile indicated that fish from the lower course of the river were highly exposed to different pollutants. Accordingly, a significant induction of EROD (9 to 10-fold) and BFCOD (3 to 5-fold) activities were detected in both fish species together with an increased aromatase activity in females of B. meridionalis from the most polluted sites. Considering that sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents are essential for maintaining environmental flows in small Mediterranean rivers, this study highlights the need to improve the efficiency of STPs to protect fish health.
地中海河流受到严重的污染和水资源短缺的影响。在夏季期间，城市和工业废水未经稀释就进入河流。为了评估水质，从里波尔河（西班牙）的六个地点采集了两种本地鱼类，即南方欧鳊和拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼。胆汁中测定了多环芳烃代谢物、烷基酚（壬基酚和辛基酚）和麝香二甲苯麝香水平。7-乙氧基resorufin-O-去乙基酶（EROD）和 7-苯氧基-4-三氟甲基香豆素 O-去苯氧基酶（BFCOD）被测量为代谢生物标志物，并且 CYP19 芳香酶在南方欧鳊的卵巢中被测定为内分泌干扰的生物标志物。胆汁分析表明，来自河流下游的鱼类受到不同污染物的高度暴露。因此，在这两种鱼类中均检测到 EROD（9 至 10 倍）和 BFCOD（3 至 5 倍）活性的显著诱导，以及来自污染最严重地点的南方欧鳊雌性的芳香酶活性增加。考虑到污水处理厂（STP）的废水对于维持小地中海河流的环境流量至关重要，本研究强调需要提高 STP 的效率以保护鱼类健康。
