Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Agricoltura, le Foreste, la Natura e l'Energia, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Biosensors (Basel). 2018 Nov 15;8(4):112. doi: 10.3390/bios8040112.
Simazine is an herbicide that is able to contaminate surface waters, ground waters, and milk/dairy products, thus posing concerns in both environmental health and food safety. A yeast-based bioprobe was utilized to detect simazine in spiked real samples of livestock drinking water and raw cow's milk. Yeast aerobic respiration was taken as short-term toxicological endpoint. We carried out comparative measures of yeast oxygen consumption between simazine-spiked samples and blank samples. Percentage interference (%ρ) on yeast aerobic respiration was calculated through the comparison of aerobic respiration of simazine-exposed and non-exposed yeast cells. The method was optimized for raw cow's milk samples by using boric acid as fungistatic agent in order to avoid cellular proliferation. Overall, the results have shown that simazine can be detected up to concentrations five times below the EU legal concentration limits for drinking water (0.02 ppb) and cow's milk (2 ppb) (%ρ values of 18.53% and 20.43% respectively; %RSD ≤ 15%). Dose-effect relationships of simazine were assessed. The findings of the bioassays match reasonably well with known mechanisms of toxicity and intracellular detoxification in yeast. A correlation between fat content in milk samples and analytical performance of the bioprobe was established. Results suggest the involvement of a matrix effect, presumably due to lipid sequestration of simazine. The yeast-based bioprobe has proved to be sensitive and suitable for the detection of simazine in real samples in concentrations of interest.
西玛津是一种能够污染地表水、地下水和牛奶/乳制品的除草剂，因此对环境健康和食品安全都构成了威胁。本研究利用基于酵母的生物探针来检测牲畜饮用水和生牛乳中添加的西玛津。酵母需氧呼吸被作为短期毒性终点。我们进行了西玛津添加样品和空白样品之间酵母耗氧量的比较测量。通过比较暴露于西玛津的酵母细胞和未暴露的酵母细胞的需氧呼吸，计算出对酵母需氧呼吸的百分比干扰（%ρ）。为了避免细胞增殖，本方法对生牛乳样品进行了优化，使用硼酸作为抑菌剂。总的来说，结果表明，该方法能够检测到低于欧盟饮用水（0.02 ppb）和牛奶（2 ppb）法定浓度限制 5 倍的西玛津浓度（%ρ 值分别为 18.53%和 20.43%；%RSD≤15%）。还评估了西玛津的剂量-效应关系。生物测定的结果与酵母中已知的毒性和细胞内解毒机制相当吻合。建立了牛奶样品中脂肪含量与生物探针分析性能之间的相关性。结果表明，可能存在基质效应，这可能是由于西玛津的脂质螯合。基于酵母的生物探针已被证明在感兴趣的浓度范围内对真实样品中的西玛津具有灵敏性和适用性。
