Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
Front Med. 2018 Dec;12(6):634-644. doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0670-8. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary regimen that reduces calorie intake without incurring malnutrition or a reduction in essential nutrients. It has long been recognized as a natural strategy for promoting health, extending longevity, and prevents the development of metabolic and age-related diseases. In the present review, we focus on the general effect of CR on gut microbiota composition and global metabolism. We also propose mechanisms for its beneficial effect. Results showed that probiotic and butyrate-producing microbes increased their relative abundance, whereas proinflammatory strains exhibited suppressed relative abundance following CR. Analyses of the gut microbial and host metabolisms revealed that most host microbial co-metabolites were changed due to CR. Examples of dramatic CR-induced changes in host metabolism included a decrease in the rate of lipid biosynthesis and an increase in the rates of fatty acid catabolism, β-oxidation, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis. The observed phenotypes and the further verification of the direct link between gut microbiota and metabolome may benefit patients that are at risk for developing metabolic disease. Thus, improved gut microbiota composition and metabolome are potential biomarkers for determining the effectiveness of dietary interventions for age-related and metabolic diseases.
热量限制（CR）是一种饮食方案，它在不导致营养不良或必需营养素减少的情况下减少热量摄入。长期以来，它一直被认为是促进健康、延长寿命和预防代谢和与年龄相关疾病发展的自然策略。在本综述中，我们重点关注 CR 对肠道微生物组组成和整体代谢的一般影响。我们还提出了其有益作用的机制。结果表明，益生菌和产生丁酸盐的微生物的相对丰度增加，而促炎菌株在 CR 后表现出相对丰度降低。对肠道微生物和宿主代谢的分析表明，由于 CR，大多数宿主微生物共代谢物发生了变化。由于 CR 导致宿主代谢发生显著变化的例子包括脂质生物合成率降低和脂肪酸分解、β-氧化、糖原分解和糖异生率增加。观察到的表型和肠道微生物组与代谢组之间直接联系的进一步验证可能使处于代谢性疾病风险中的患者受益。因此，改善的肠道微生物组组成和代谢组可能是确定饮食干预对与年龄相关和代谢性疾病的有效性的潜在生物标志物。
