Brocherie Franck, Girard Olivier, Millet Gregoire P
Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Research Department, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France.
ISSUL, Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Biol Sport. 2018 Sep;35(3):261-267. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.77826. Epub 2018 Aug 27.
The aim of this study was to examine changes in time-motion patterns of elite male ice hockey players during an international game with special reference to the development of fatigue. Ten elite male ice hockey players were filmed during an official international game. Detailed time-motion patterns and behaviours (effective playing, stoppage and resting times, number of shifts, low- and high-intensity skating activities across periods as well as passing, shooting and body checking) were analysed during the three game periods. Shift duration averaged 85.72±4.89 s (44.01±5.71 s of effective playing time and 41.71±4.07 s of stoppage) and was repeated ~7.4±1.8 times per period. Mean effective playing time and effective time per shift decreased over the periods (-6.8±17.3%, P = 0.18, = 0.71 and -8.5±12.7%, P = 0.20, = 0.24, respectively), resulting in a shorter distance covered (-12.8±5.7%, P = 0.16, = 0.46) from period 1 to 3. At similar time intervals, stoppage (+8.2±9.8%, P<0.05, = 0.78) and bench resting period (+35.6±34.0%, P<0.05, = 1.26) also increased. The number of sprints performed in period 3 was significantly lower than in period 1 (-46.7±32.1%, P<0.01, = 1.12). This was accompanied by a lower effective time (-16.8±24.9%, P<0.05, = 0.82) spent in high-intensity activities (fast forward skating, forward sprinting and fast backward and sprinting) - particularly in forward sprints (-54.8±20.7%, P<0.01, = 1.07) - in period 3 vs. 1. Detailed analysis of players' time-motion patterns of an international ice hockey game indicates that the capacity to perform intense actions is impeded towards the end of the match (period 3). Assessing performance fatigability may help practitioners to tailor ice hockey-specific training routines to help prevent in-game premature and/or excessive fatigue development.
本研究旨在考察精英男子冰球运动员在一场国际比赛中的时间 - 运动模式变化，特别关注疲劳的发展情况。在一场正式的国际比赛中，对10名精英男子冰球运动员进行了拍摄。在三个比赛时段内，分析了详细的时间 - 运动模式和行为（有效比赛时间、暂停和休息时间、上场次数、各时段的低强度和高强度滑冰活动以及传球、射门和身体冲撞）。上场持续时间平均为85.72±4.89秒（有效比赛时间为44.01±5.71秒，暂停时间为41.71±4.07秒），每个时段重复约7.4±1.8次。各时段的平均有效比赛时间和每次上场的有效时间均有所下降（分别下降-6.8±17.3%，P = 0.18，r = 0.71和-8.5±12.7%，P = 0.20，r = 0.24），导致从第1时段到第3时段覆盖的距离缩短（-12.8±5.7%，P = 0.16，r = 0.46）。在相似的时间间隔内，暂停时间（+8.2±9.8%，P<0.05，r = 0.78）和替补席休息时间（+35.6±34.0%，P<0.05，r = 1.26）也增加了。第3时段进行的冲刺次数明显低于第1时段（-46.7±32.1%，P<0.01，r = 1.12）。这伴随着在高强度活动（快速向前滑冰、向前冲刺以及快速向后和冲刺）中花费的有效时间减少（-16.8±24.9%，P<0.05，r = 0.82），特别是在第3时段与第1时段相比，向前冲刺的有效时间减少（-54.8±20.7%，P<0.01，r = 1.07）。对国际冰球比赛中运动员时间 - 运动模式的详细分析表明，在比赛接近尾声（第3时段）时，进行激烈动作的能力会受到阻碍。评估表现疲劳性可能有助于从业者制定特定于冰球的训练计划，以帮助预防比赛中的过早和/或过度疲劳发展。
