Zawistowska-Rojek Anna, Tyski Stefan
Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland ; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Pol J Microbiol. 2018;67(3):251-258. doi: 10.21307/pjm-2018-044.
Probiotic bacteria have been used as a health-promoting factor for a very long time. Nowadays, products containing probiotic bacteria are becoming more and more popular on the market. The term probiotics refers to the products belonging to the following groups: probiotic drugs (medicinal products - live biotherapeutic products for human use), medical devices, probiotic foods (e.g. foods, food ingredients, dietary supplements or food for special medical purposes), directly fed microorganisms (for animal use) and designer probiotics (genetically modified probiotics). Safety assessment of bacterial strains used as probiotics should be carefully studied. Even though probiotic bacteria have the generally recognized as safe (GRAS status), there are several reports about side effects triggered by the presence of these organisms. Microorganisms used as probiotics may cause systemic infections, stimulate the immune system, disturb metabolism and participate in horizontal gene transfer.
益生菌作为一种促进健康的因素已被使用了很长时间。如今，含有益生菌的产品在市场上越来越受欢迎。益生菌一词指的是属于以下几类的产品：益生菌药物（医药产品——用于人类的活生物治疗产品）、医疗器械、益生菌食品（如食品、食品成分、膳食补充剂或特殊医学用途食品）、直接投喂微生物（用于动物）和定制益生菌（基因改造益生菌）。用作益生菌的细菌菌株的安全性评估应仔细研究。尽管益生菌通常被认为是安全的（一般认为安全状态），但有几份报告指出这些微生物的存在会引发副作用。用作益生菌的微生物可能会引起全身感染、刺激免疫系统、扰乱新陈代谢并参与水平基因转移。
