Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2015 Mar;18(1):50-76. doi: 10.1007/s10567-014-0177-z.
The misuse of stimulant medication among college students is a prevalent and growing problem. The purpose of this review and meta-analysis is to summarize the current research on rates and demographic and psychosocial correlates of stimulant medication misuse among college students, to provide methodological guidance and other ideas for future research, and to provide some preliminary suggestions for preventing and reducing misuse on college campuses. Random-effects meta-analysis found that the rate of stimulant medication misuse among college students was estimated at 17 % (95 % CI [0.13, 0.23], p < .001) and identified several psychological variables that differentiated misusers and nonusers, including symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, problems associated with alcohol use, and marijuana use. A qualitative review of the literature also revealed that Greek organization membership, academic performance, and other substance use were associated with misuse. Students are misusing primarily for academic reasons, and the most common source for obtaining stimulant medication is peers with prescriptions. Interpretation of findings is complicated by the lack of a standard misuse definition as well as validated tools for measuring stimulant misuse. The relation between stimulant medication misuse and extra curricular participation, academic outcomes, depression, and eating disorders requires further investigation, as do the reasons why students divert or misuse and whether policies on college campuses contribute to the high rates of misuse among students. Future research should also work to develop and implement effective prevention strategies for reducing the diversion and misuse of stimulant medication on college campuses.
大学生兴奋剂药物滥用是一个普遍且日益严重的问题。本综述和荟萃分析的目的是总结目前关于大学生兴奋剂药物滥用的发生率以及人口统计学和心理社会相关性的研究，为未来的研究提供方法学指导和其他思路，并为大学校园预防和减少药物滥用提供一些初步建议。随机效应荟萃分析发现，大学生兴奋剂药物滥用的发生率估计为 17%（95%CI[0.13,0.23]，p<0.001），并确定了一些区分滥用者和非滥用者的心理变量，包括注意缺陷/多动障碍症状、与酒精使用相关的问题和大麻使用。文献的定性回顾还表明，希腊组织成员身份、学业成绩和其他物质使用与药物滥用有关。学生主要出于学术原因滥用兴奋剂，获得兴奋剂药物的最常见来源是有处方的同龄人。由于缺乏标准的滥用定义以及用于测量兴奋剂滥用的有效工具，对发现的解释变得复杂。兴奋剂药物滥用与课外活动参与、学业成绩、抑郁和饮食失调之间的关系需要进一步研究，还需要研究学生转移或滥用的原因，以及大学校园的政策是否导致学生滥用率高。未来的研究还应致力于制定和实施有效的预防策略，以减少大学校园兴奋剂药物的转移和滥用。
