White Matthew D
Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;156:233-247. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63912-7.00014-X.
The human autonomic nervous system participates in the control of thermoregulatory responses that are employed to regulate core temperature following deviations of skin temperature and/or core temperature from their respective resting values. This permits a regulation of the core temperature (T) at 37.0 ± 1°C with superimposed circadian variations in both sexes and menstrual cycle-associated variations in premenopausal women. When rendered hyperthermic, passively by heat exposure while at rest or actively during exercise, humans engage heat loss or thermolytic responses, including eccrine sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation. A third, less studied, human thermolytic response is thermal panting, and this response is the focus of this review. Human thermal panting was first described over a century ago. It has since been shown to be a reproducible response showing some similar patterns of breathing in species that employ panting as their sole thermolytic heat loss response. The contribution of human panting as a thermolytic response, however, remains controversial. This review highlights both past and recent evidence supporting that hyperthermic humans have a panting pattern of breathing that plays an important role in human thermoregulation.
人类自主神经系统参与体温调节反应的控制，这些反应用于在皮肤温度和/或核心温度偏离各自的静息值后调节核心温度。这使得男女两性的核心温度（T）能维持在37.0±1°C，并伴有昼夜节律变化以及绝经前女性与月经周期相关的变化。当人体处于高温状态时，无论是在休息时被动受热，还是在运动时主动受热，都会引发散热或热分解反应，包括出汗和皮肤血管舒张。第三种较少被研究的人体热分解反应是热喘呼吸，而这种反应正是本综述的重点。人类热喘呼吸早在一个多世纪前就被首次描述。此后的研究表明，它是一种可重复的反应，在将喘呼吸作为唯一热分解散热反应的物种中，表现出一些相似的呼吸模式。然而，人类喘呼吸作为一种热分解反应的作用仍存在争议。本综述强调了过去和近期的证据，这些证据支持高温状态下的人类具有喘呼吸模式，且这种模式在人体体温调节中发挥着重要作用。
