Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
Waste Manag. 2018 Oct;80:10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.050. Epub 2018 Sep 4.
Severe nitrogen (N) loss is a barrier for composting treatment. Since N transformation during composting is closely related to nitrogen loss, the impacts of adding sulphur and Thiobacillus thioparus 1904 to N transformation during composting were investigated in this work. Physicochemical properties and the expression of genes encoding N-related proteins were analysed to evaluate microbiological processes associated with N dynamics. The results indicated that (1) sulphur addition reduced the pH and cumulative NH emission, and decreased N losses by 44.23%, while no significant differences were observed in the expression of N cycle-associated genes compared with the control treatment; (2) the application of T. thioparus 1904 increased NO-N content, reduced N loss by 28.20%, and significantly enhanced the expression of ammonia monooxygenase A (archaeal amoA; AOA) and nitrite oxidoreductase A (nxrA) during the mature phase; (3) the combined application of sulphur and T. thioparus 1904 significantly affected the expression of functional genes related to nitrification and denitrification, which contributed to a reduction in accumulated NH emission, an increase in NO-N content, and a decrease in N losses by 70.94%. Expression of ammonia monooxygenase A (bacterial amoA; AOB), nxrA and nitrous oxide reductase Z (nosZ) genes in the combined treatment was positively correlated with NO-N, whereas expression of AOA and accumulation of NH were negatively correlated with NO-N. These results indicate that the combined application of sulphur and T. thioparus 1904 had a significant regulatory effect on N cycle genes and effectively reduced the N loss during composting.
严重的氮（N）损失是堆肥处理的一个障碍。由于堆肥过程中的 N 转化与 N 损失密切相关，因此本工作研究了在堆肥过程中添加硫和硫杆菌 1904 对 N 转化的影响。分析了理化性质和编码与 N 动态相关的蛋白质的基因表达，以评估与 N 动力学相关的微生物过程。结果表明：（1）添加硫降低了 pH 和累积 NH 排放，并使 N 损失减少了 44.23%，但与对照处理相比，N 循环相关基因的表达没有显著差异；（2）应用硫杆菌 1904 增加了 NO-N 含量，减少了 28.20%的 N 损失，并在成熟阶段显著增强了氨单加氧酶 A（古菌 amoA；AOA）和亚硝酸盐氧化还原酶 A（nxrA）的表达；（3）硫和硫杆菌 1904 的联合应用显著影响了硝化和反硝化相关功能基因的表达，这有助于减少累积的 NH 排放，增加 NO-N 含量，并使 N 损失减少 70.94%。联合处理中氨单加氧酶 A（细菌 amoA；AOB）、nxrA 和氧化亚氮还原酶 Z（nosZ）基因的表达与 NO-N 呈正相关，而 AOA 和 NH 的积累与 NO-N 呈负相关。这些结果表明，硫和硫杆菌 1904 的联合应用对 N 循环基因具有显著的调控作用，有效减少了堆肥过程中的 N 损失。
