Bækkelund Harald, Frewen Paul, Lanius Ruth, Ottesen Berg Akiah, Arnevik Espen Ajo
Research Institute, Modum Bad, Vikersund, Norway.
Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2018 Nov 14;9(1):1544025. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1544025. eCollection 2018.
: The four-dimensional ('4-D') model has been proposed as a theoretical framework to understand and delineate trauma-related dissociative experiences, categorizing symptoms into trauma-related altered states of consciousness (TRASC) and normal waking consciousness (NWC), which occur along four dimensions: time, thought, body and emotion. : The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of this model in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with and without comorbid dissociative disorders. : The predictions of the 4-D model were tested in 142 patients with PTSD, with ( = 46) and without ( = 96) comorbid dissociative disorders. : As predicted by the 4-D model, experiences of TRASC were less frequent and more specifically related to other measures of dissociation, dissociative disorder comorbidity and a history of childhood sexual abuse compared to experiences of NWC. The predicted lower intercorrelation of TRASC was not supported. : The 4-D model represents a promising framework for understanding dissociation across trauma-related disorders.
四维（“4-D”）模型已被提出作为一个理论框架，用于理解和描述与创伤相关的解离体验，将症状分为与创伤相关的意识改变状态（TRASC）和正常清醒意识（NWC），它们沿着时间、思维、身体和情感四个维度发生。本研究的主要目的是评估该模型在患有和未患有共病解离障碍的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者中的有效性。在142例PTSD患者中测试了4-D模型的预测，其中46例患有共病解离障碍，96例未患有共病解离障碍。正如4-D模型所预测的，与NWC体验相比，TRASC体验的频率较低，并且与解离的其他测量指标、解离障碍共病以及童年性虐待史更具体相关。TRASC预测的较低相互相关性未得到支持。4-D模型是理解跨创伤相关障碍的解离的一个有前景的框架。
