Recent advancements in compact layer development for perovskite solar cells.

Herein, we will present recent progress in the compact layer (CL) or hole blocking layer (HBL) which is known as an important layer and not as an essential layer for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The CL involves an effective role to enhance efficiency in PSCs. Thus, any change, modification, and replacement in this layer will have a profound effect on the performance and improvement of some characteristics such as photo-stability, durability and hysteresis effect. These changes can improve the applications of PSCs in the flexible cell, industrial mass production, high-scale manufacturing. In this review, we will present recent studies on CLs.