State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Nov 21;190(12):739. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-7104-6.
Tree invasion has the potential to negatively affect biodiversity and ecosystems, with invasive alien trees (IATs) expanding widely in protected areas (PAs) across different habitats. Thus, the effectiveness of PAs might be reduced. Investigation of the distributions of IAT is urgently required to improve the effective conservation management of PAs. We projected the potential distributions of 10 IATs, which included Acacia mearnsii, Ardisia elliptica, Cecropia peltata, Cinchona pubescens, Leucaena leucocephala, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Miconia calvescens, Morella faya, Prosopis glandulosa, and Spathodea campanulata, that have a serious influence on global biodiversity and assessed the distribution possibilities of these IATs in PAs based on the PA categories of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The overall potential distributions of these 10 IATs included Latin America, central and southern Africa, southeastern Asia, eastern Australia and New Zealand, and western Europe. Annual mean temperature, temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, and soil bulk density were found to be important environmental variables for the potential distributions of these IATs. Overall, A. mearnsii, A. elliptica, C. peltata, L. leucocephala, M. quinquenervia, M. calvescens, and S. campanulata were distributed mainly in the IUCN PA categories of national parks and PAs with sustainable use of natural resources. We proposed the following for conservation management of PAs: (1) completion of species inventories for PAs, (2) better understanding of factors driving invasions in PAs, (3) assessment of the efficiency of management within particular PAs, and (4) evaluation of changes in trends regarding plant invasions in PAs under climate change conditions.
树木入侵有可能对生物多样性和生态系统造成负面影响，入侵的外来树种（IAT）在不同生境的保护区（PA）内广泛扩张。因此，保护区的有效性可能会降低。迫切需要调查 IAT 的分布情况，以改善保护区的有效保护管理。我们预测了 10 种 IAT 的潜在分布情况，包括银荆、短序润楠、青冈、鸡骨常山、银合欢、五列木、杨梅、苦樱桃、霸王树和黄钟花，这些树种对全球生物多样性有严重影响，并根据自然保护联盟（IUCN）的 PA 类别评估了这些 IAT 在 PA 中的分布可能性。这 10 种 IAT 的潜在分布包括拉丁美洲、中南部非洲、东南亚、澳大利亚东部和新西兰以及西欧。年平均气温、温度季节性、年降水量和土壤容重被认为是这些 IAT 潜在分布的重要环境变量。总体而言，银荆、短序润楠、青冈、银合欢、五列木、杨梅、苦樱桃、霸王树和黄钟花主要分布在 IUCN 国家公园和可持续利用自然资源的保护区类别中。我们为保护区的保护管理提出了以下建议：（1）完成保护区的物种清单，（2）更好地了解保护区内入侵的驱动因素，（3）评估特定保护区内管理的效率，（4）评估气候变化条件下保护区内植物入侵趋势的变化。
