Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil.
Post-Graduate Program in Sustainability in Environmental Management, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil.
Environ Geochem Health. 2019 Jun;41(3):1339-1350. doi: 10.1007/s10653-018-0218-5. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Aquatic contamination by potentially toxic metals is a problem that has been aggravated, especially due to the quantity and the diversity of sources. Locating these sources is not always an easy task, especially because of the wide variety of possibilities. In this context, the application of geostatistical methods may represent an excellent tool to find out sources of metal contaminants in aquatic systems. Thus, the objective of this work was to elaborate an approach to identify sources of potentially toxic metals (Zn, Ba, Pb, Cr, Mn and Fe), by relating their spatial-temporal variations with the local land use patterns, along a longitudinal profile of the Pirapora River, located in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. For this purpose, water samples were collected at different points, taking into consideration each specific land use pattern and quantifying the metals contents by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry. In this work, thirteen land use patterns have been identified: mining, forestry, abandoned pasture, water, urban area, human occupation, floodplain, bare soil, temporary crop, roads, forest, streets and pasture. The results revealed temporal variations for the metals Ba, Cr, Fe, and Pb and spatial for Zn and Mn, making possible to correlate the presence of these two latter metals with mining and forestry, the most proeminent activities in the region. Overall, this work proposes a model which brings together geoprocessing and analytical methods, in order to correlate spatial-temporal variations of potentially toxic metals with specific land use patterns of a determined region, aiming the environmental monitoring.
水体中潜在有毒金属的污染是一个日益严重的问题，尤其是由于其来源的数量和种类繁多。定位这些污染源并不总是一件容易的事，尤其是因为存在着各种各样的可能性。在这种情况下，应用地质统计学方法可能是发现水生系统中金属污染物来源的绝佳工具。因此，本工作的目的是通过将潜在有毒金属（Zn、Ba、Pb、Cr、Mn 和 Fe）的时空变化与当地土地利用模式联系起来，来制定一种方法来识别其来源，该方法应用于巴西南部皮拉波拉河的一条纵向剖面。为此，考虑到每个特定的土地利用模式，在不同的点采集水样，并通过微波等离子体原子发射光谱法定量测定金属含量。在这项工作中，确定了 13 种土地利用模式：采矿、林业、废弃牧场、水、城区、人类居住、洪泛区、裸地、临时作物、道路、森林、街道和牧场。结果表明，Ba、Cr、Fe 和 Pb 存在时间变化，Zn 和 Mn 存在空间变化，这使得有可能将后两种金属的存在与该地区最重要的活动——采矿和林业联系起来。总的来说，这项工作提出了一个模型，将地理处理和分析方法结合起来，以便将潜在有毒金属的时空变化与特定地区的特定土地利用模式联系起来，从而实现环境监测。
