State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Center for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, PR China; National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Center for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, PR China; Civil, Mining, & Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Water Res. 2017 May 1;114:14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.036. Epub 2017 Jan 25.
This review provides a comprehensive update of worldwide waterborne parasitic protozoan outbreaks that occurred with reports published since previous reviews largely between January 2011 and December 2016. At least 381 outbreaks attributed to waterborne transmission of parasitic protozoa were documented during this time period. The nearly half (49%) of reports occurred in New Zealand, 41% of the outbreaks in North America and 9% in Europe. The most common etiological agent was Cryptosporidium spp., reported in 63% (239) of the outbreaks, while Giardia spp. was mentioned in 37% (142). No outbreaks attributed to other parasitic protozoa were reported. The distribution of reported outbreaks does not correspond to more broadly available epidemiological data or general knowledge of water and environmental conditions in the reporting countries. Noticeably, developing countries that are probably most affected by such waterborne disease outbreaks still lack reliable surveillance systems, and an international standardization of surveillance and reporting systems has yet to be established.
本综述提供了自上次综述（主要在 2011 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月期间）以来全球范围内水传播寄生虫原生动物暴发的全面更新。在此期间，记录了至少 381 起归因于寄生虫原生动物水传播的暴发。近一半（49%）的报告发生在新西兰，41%的暴发发生在北美，9%的暴发发生在欧洲。最常见的病原体是隐孢子虫属，在 63%（239 例）的暴发中报告，而贾第虫属在 37%（142 例）的暴发中提到。没有报告其他寄生虫原生动物引起的暴发。报告的暴发分布与更广泛的可用流行病学数据或报告国家的水和环境条件的一般知识不符。值得注意的是，受此类水传播疾病暴发影响最大的发展中国家仍然缺乏可靠的监测系统，国际监测和报告系统的标准化尚未建立。
