Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Molecular Biology, MGH and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, U.S.A.
Essays Biochem. 2018 Dec 7;62(6):815-828. doi: 10.1042/EBC20180032.
Cilia and flagella are long extensions commonly found on the surface of eukaryotic cells. In fact, most human cells have a flagellum, and failure to correctly form cilia leads to a spectrum of diseases gathered under the name 'ciliopathies'. The cilium distal tip is where it grows and signals. Yet, out of the flagellar regions, the distal tip is probably the least intensively studied. In this review, we will summarise the current knowledge on the diverse flagellar tip structures, the dynamicity and signalling that occurs here and the proteins localising to this important cellular region.
纤毛和鞭毛是真核细胞表面常见的长延伸物。事实上，大多数人类细胞都有鞭毛，如果不能正确形成纤毛，就会导致一系列被称为“纤毛病”的疾病。纤毛的远端尖端是生长和信号传递的地方。然而，在鞭毛区域中，远端尖端可能是研究最少的区域。在这篇综述中，我们将总结目前关于不同的鞭毛尖端结构、这里发生的动态和信号以及定位到这个重要细胞区域的蛋白质的知识。
