College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jan;26(3):2314-2327. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3697-0. Epub 2018 Nov 21.
The microscale environment is a very important human-scale outdoor spatial unit. Aimed at investigating the effects of microscale land-cover type and pattern on levels of PM and PM, we monitored PM and PM concentrations among different land-cover type and pattern sites through field measurements, during four seasons (December 2015 to November 2016) in Beijing, China. Differences of daily PM and PM concentrations among seven typical land-cover types, and correlations between daily two-sized PM levels and various microscale land-cover patterns as explained by landscape metrics were analyzed. Results show that concentrations of the two-sized particles had stable daytime and seasonal trends. During the four seasons, there were various differences in daily PM and PM levels among the seven land-cover types. Overall, bare soil always had the highest daily PM level, whereas high canopy density vegetation and water bodies had low levels. Maximum PM levels were always found in high canopy density vegetation. Moderate canopy density vegetation and water bodies had lower concentrations. Correlations between different landscape metrics and daily levels of two-sized PM varied by season. Metrics reflecting the dominance and distribution of land-cover classifications had closer relationships with particle concentrations in the microscale environment. The patterns of pavement along with low and moderate canopy density vegetation had a greater impact on PM level. The responses of PM level to patterns of building and low and moderate canopy density vegetation were sensitive. Reasonable design of land-cover structure would be conducive to ameliorate air particle concentrations in the microscale environment. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
微尺度环境是非常重要的人类尺度户外空间单元。本研究旨在调查微尺度土地覆盖类型和格局对 PM 和 PM 浓度的影响，通过野外测量，于 2015 年 12 月至 2016 年 11 月在中国北京的四个季节监测了不同土地覆盖类型和格局地点的 PM 和 PM 浓度。分析了 7 种典型土地覆盖类型之间每日 PM 和 PM 浓度的差异，以及景观指标所解释的每日两种粒径 PM 水平与各种微尺度土地覆盖格局之间的相关性。结果表明，两种粒径颗粒的浓度具有稳定的日变化和季节性趋势。在四个季节中，7 种土地覆盖类型之间的每日 PM 和 PM 水平存在各种差异。总的来说，裸土的日 PM 水平最高，而高冠层密度植被和水体的 PM 水平较低。最大的 PM 水平总是出现在高冠层密度植被中。中冠层密度植被和水体的浓度较低。不同景观指标与每日两种粒径 PM 水平之间的相关性因季节而异。反映土地覆盖分类优势度和分布的指标与微尺度环境中颗粒浓度的关系更为密切。沿低和中冠层密度植被的铺面模式对 PM 水平的影响更大。PM 水平对建筑和低和中冠层密度植被格局的响应是敏感的。合理设计土地覆盖结构有利于改善微尺度环境中的空气颗粒浓度。
