Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Jabalpur 482004, India.
School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302017, India.
Phytomedicine. 2018 Nov 15;50:127-136. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.020. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
Withania somnifera, a high value medicinal plant is a major source of pharmaceutically important active compounds withanolides. Withania somnifera has been used in ayurveda as health restorative and anabolic agent besides having anti-arthritic, antidepressant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-stress, neuroprotective and cardio-protective activities.
HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: The mining of the compound(s) of interest offers opportunity to identify desired attributes in the therapeutic area of interest. Metabolomic has become an important tool in the field of pharmacological and functional genomics of medicinal plants. The analysis supports the information regarding differential outline of the gene expression for increasing important withanolides viz. withanolide A and withaferin A in W. somnifera.
The bioinformatics and biotechnological approaches viz. tissue culture, genetic transformation, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, gene mining and metabolomic studies have opened new windows about engineering of withanolide production.
Target and network analysis for maximum therapeutic potential of Withania somnifera have been determined by employing Genemania software for finding interactions among various human genes that are being affected by active constituents.
Some of the major bioactive compounds of Withania somnifera have been discussed on protein-protein, protein-DNA and genetic interactions with respect to gene and protein expression data, protein domains, metabolic profiling, root organ culture, genetic transformation and phenotypic screening profiles CONCLUSION: The implementation of latest bioinformatic tools in combination with biotechnological techniques for breeding platforms are important in conservation of medicinal plant species in danger. The current review is based on molecular and in vitro methodologies employed in W. somnifera for accepting their importance in the improvement of this valuable medicinal species.
睡茄是一种高价值的药用植物，是具有重要药用价值的活性化合物——醉茄内酯的主要来源。在阿育吠陀医学中，睡茄被用作健康恢复和合成代谢剂，此外还具有抗关节炎、抗抑郁、抗微生物、抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗应激、神经保护和心脏保护作用。
假说/目的：挖掘感兴趣的化合物为确定治疗领域所需属性提供了机会。代谢组学已成为药用植物药理学和功能基因组学领域的重要工具。该分析支持了关于增加重要醉茄内酯（如醉茄内酯 A 和醉茄素 A）在睡茄中的基因表达差异轮廓的信息。
生物信息学和生物技术方法，如组织培养、遗传转化、基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、基因挖掘和代谢组学研究，为醉茄内酯的生产工程开辟了新的途径。
通过使用 Genemania 软件确定睡茄的最大治疗潜力的目标和网络分析，以寻找受活性成分影响的各种人类基因之间的相互作用。
已经讨论了睡茄的一些主要生物活性化合物，涉及蛋白质-蛋白质、蛋白质-DNA 和遗传相互作用，以及基因和蛋白质表达数据、蛋白质结构域、代谢谱、根器官培养、遗传转化和表型筛选谱。
将最新的生物信息学工具与生物技术相结合应用于育种平台对于保护处于危险中的药用植物物种非常重要。本综述基于在睡茄中采用的分子和体外方法，以证明它们在提高这种有价值的药用物种方面的重要性。
