School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
Faculty of Medicine of Itajubá, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 22;8(1):17233. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35380-w.
The present study aims to investigate how different levels of spirituality and religiousness (high spirituality and high religiousness -S/R, high spirituality and low religiousness -S/r, low spirituality and high religiousness s/R and low spirituality and low religiousness - s/r) are associated with quality of life, depressive symptoms, anxiety, optimism and happiness among adults. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,046 Brazilian adults. Concerning the different levels of spirituality and religiousness, 49.2% had s/r, 26.5% S/R, 17.2% S/r and 7.1% s/R. Participants with S/R had better outcomes as compared to those with s/r and those with S/r in WHOQOL Psychological, Social Relationship and Environment, Optimism and happiness. Participants with s/R had better outcomes as compared to those with s/r in WHOQOL Psychological and Social Relationship, Optimism and happiness. Participants with S/r were different from those with s/r, with higher levels of WHOQOL Environment and happiness but also anxiety. The results revealed that, having higher levels of both spirituality and religiousness were more correlated to better outcomes than having just one of them or none of them. Likewise, having higher levels of religiousness in detriment of higher levels of spirituality was also associated with better outcomes in comparison to others.
本研究旨在探讨不同程度的灵性和宗教信仰（高灵性和高宗教信仰-S/R、高灵性和低宗教信仰-S/r、低灵性和高宗教信仰-s/R 和低灵性和低宗教信仰-s/r）与成年人的生活质量、抑郁症状、焦虑、乐观和幸福感之间的关系。这是一项在 1046 名巴西成年人中进行的横断面研究。关于不同程度的灵性和宗教信仰，49.2%的人是 S/r，26.5%的人是 S/R，17.2%的人是 S/r，7.1%的人是 s/R。与 s/r 和 S/r 相比，S/R 的参与者在 WHOQOL 心理、社会关系和环境、乐观和幸福感方面的结果更好。与 s/r 相比，S/R 的参与者在 WHOQOL 心理和社会关系、乐观和幸福感方面的结果更好。与 s/r 相比，S/r 的参与者在环境和幸福感方面的水平更高，但焦虑水平也更高。结果表明，与只拥有其中一种或两种都不拥有相比，同时拥有更高水平的灵性和宗教信仰与更好的结果更相关。同样，与更高水平的灵性相比，更高水平的宗教信仰也与更好的结果相关。
