Gadelha-Weyne André, Costa Ícaro Moreira, Gontijo Daniel Foschetti, Taunay Tauily Claussen D Escragnolle, Cragun Ryan
Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 1721, CEP 05508030, São Paulo/SP, Brasil.
Universidade de Fortaleza, Av. Washington SoaresEdson Queiroz, 1321, CEP 60811905, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
Psicol Reflex Crit. 2025 Jun 13;38(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s41155-025-00350-5.
The number of non-religious people in the world has increased, which justifies the development and validation of good instruments to assess secularism, i.e., the absence of religiosity and spirituality.
The present study aimed to develop a cross-cultural adaptation and search for evidence of the validity of the nonreligious-nonspiritual scale (NRNSS).
For a congruent scale translation, a cross-cultural adaptation was performed. The search for evidence of validity was carried out through the following steps: (1) evidence of validity based on the internal structure, where an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed, and the internal consistency was verified of the factors obtained; (2) evidence of validity based on converging relationships with external measurements, where correlations were made between the NRNSS factors and the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Duke Religiosity Index (P-DUREL) and the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Instrument-Spirituality, Religion and Personal Beliefs module (WHOQOL-SRPB); and (3) comparison of self-identification categories with NRNSS outcomes using two one-way ANOVA tests, comparing scale scores between different groups (e.g., atheists, agnostics, spiritualists, and religious people). The data collection process took place through a link shared on social networks allowing access to the structured questionnaire.
The present study obtained the following results: (1) the EFA supported a one-factor model for the scale, but (2) the CFA presented satisfactory indices for the the model composed of two factors, non-religiosity (NR) and non-spirituality (NS); (3) internal consistency indices greater than 0.95 were obtained in all factors indicated in both tested models; (4) all analyzed correlations obtained results as expected, indicating that the scale actually measures the proposed constructs; and (5) decreasing levels of NR and NS were obtained according to the respective beliefs: atheists, agnostics, spiritualists, and religious people.
The NRNSS presented favorable psychometric properties, enabling it to be used with two different factors (NR and NS).
全球无宗教信仰者的数量有所增加，这为开发和验证用于评估世俗主义（即缺乏宗教信仰和精神性）的优质工具提供了依据。
本研究旨在进行跨文化改编，并寻找非宗教-非精神量表（NRNSS）有效性的证据。
为进行量表的一致性翻译，开展了跨文化改编。通过以下步骤寻找有效性证据：（1）基于内部结构的有效性证据，进行探索性因素分析（EFA）和验证性因素分析（CFA），并验证所得因素的内部一致性；（2）基于与外部测量的收敛关系的有效性证据，分析NRNSS各因素与巴西葡萄牙语版杜克宗教信仰指数（P-DUREL）以及世界卫生组织生活质量量表-精神性、宗教和个人信仰模块（WHOQOL-SRPB）之间的相关性；（3）使用两个单因素方差分析测试，将自我认同类别与NRNSS结果进行比较，比较不同群体（如无神论者、不可知论者、唯灵论者和宗教信仰者）之间的量表得分。数据收集过程通过在社交网络上共享的链接进行，可访问结构化问卷。
本研究得出以下结果：（1）EFA支持该量表的单因素模型，但（2）CFA显示由非宗教信仰（NR）和非精神性（NS）两个因素组成的模型具有令人满意的指标；（3）在两个测试模型中指出的所有因素中，内部一致性指数均大于0.95；（4）所有分析的相关性均得到预期结果，表明该量表确实测量了所提出的结构；（5）根据各自的信仰（无神论者、不可知论者、唯灵论者和宗教信仰者），NR和NS水平呈下降趋势。
NRNSS具有良好的心理测量特性，能够用于两个不同因素（NR和NS）。
