Song Zhimin, Kalyani Manu, Becker Jill B
Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018 Oct;23:98-102. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.04.009. Epub 2018 May 3.
Sex differences exist in the motivation for sexual behavior, food, parental care and motivation to take drugs. There are also sex differences in the likelihood of exhibiting motivational disorders such as anhedonia, depression, addictive behavior, and eating disorders. This brief review summaries recent studies on sex differences in all motivated behaviors in social and non-social contexts, focusing on animal models. We also discuss the roles of gonadal hormones and the nonapeptides (nine amino acid peptides) in modulating sex differences in motivation. We propose that sex differences in the neural mechanisms mediating endogenous motivation for food, sex, partners and care of offspring underlie sex differences in all motivated behaviors.
性行为、食物、亲代抚育及吸毒动机方面存在性别差异。在表现出动机障碍(如快感缺乏、抑郁、成瘾行为和饮食失调)的可能性上也存在性别差异。这篇简短综述总结了近期关于社会和非社会环境中所有动机行为性别差异的研究,重点关注动物模型。我们还讨论了性腺激素和九肽(九氨基酸肽)在调节动机性别差异中的作用。我们提出,介导食物、性、伴侣及后代抚育内源性动机的神经机制中的性别差异是所有动机行为性别差异的基础。