Shaw Tyler H, Curby Timothy W, Satterfield Kelly, Monfort Samuel S, Ramirez Raul
Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr MS3F5, Fairfax, VA, 22030-4444, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2019 Feb;237(2):511-520. doi: 10.1007/s00221-018-5432-y. Epub 2018 Nov 22.
The National Institute of Mental Health has recently launched the Research Domain Criteria framework that seeks to inform clinical classification schemes by elevating the status of neuroscience research in the diagnosis of mental disorders. The current research seeks to contribute to that initiative by using a neurophysiological measure, transcranial Doppler sonography that has been shown to be sensitive to decrements in sustained attention and may provide an additional biomarker of executive dysfunction in ADHD. Twenty-seven participants performed a 12-min vigilance task while cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) was recorded. Thirteen participants were included in an ADHD condition if they had been formally diagnosed with ADHD. The remaining 14 participants who had never been formally diagnosed with ADHD were included in the control condition. Participants that had been diagnosed with ADHD demonstrated a steeper decrement in performance accuracy, a steeper decrement in perceptual sensitivity, and employed a more liberal response bias over time as compared to the control participants. Critically, the decrement in CBFV was steeper for participants previously diagnosed with ADHD than those who were not. Moreover, CBFV was found to better predict decreases in sensitivity and hit rate, as well as increases in liberal responding above and beyond self-reported ADHD symptoms. Results suggest that CBFV can be used to index failures of executive control in ADHD and can predict response strategy, and that the measure may provide an additional index of the sustained attention deficits associated with ADHD compared to traditional diagnostic methods.
美国国立精神卫生研究所最近推出了研究领域标准框架，旨在通过提升神经科学研究在精神障碍诊断中的地位来为临床分类方案提供信息。当前的研究试图通过使用一种神经生理学测量方法——经颅多普勒超声来推动这一倡议，该方法已被证明对持续注意力的下降敏感，并且可能为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）中的执行功能障碍提供额外的生物标志物。27名参与者在记录脑血流速度（CBFV）的同时执行了一项12分钟的警觉任务。如果13名参与者被正式诊断患有ADHD，则将其纳入ADHD组。其余14名从未被正式诊断患有ADHD的参与者被纳入对照组。与对照组参与者相比，被诊断患有ADHD的参与者在表现准确性上有更陡峭的下降，在感知敏感性上有更陡峭的下降，并且随着时间的推移采用了更宽松的反应偏差。至关重要的是，先前被诊断患有ADHD的参与者的CBFV下降比未患ADHD的参与者更陡峭。此外，发现CBFV能更好地预测敏感性和命中率的下降，以及除自我报告的ADHD症状外宽松反应的增加。结果表明，CBFV可用于衡量ADHD中执行控制的失败并能预测反应策略，并且与传统诊断方法相比，该测量方法可能为与ADHD相关的持续注意力缺陷提供额外的指标。
