Merlet Jorge, Rubio-Peña Karinna, Al Rawi Sara, Galy Vincent
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, IBPS, Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, Paris, France.
Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2019;231:1-23. doi: 10.1007/102_2018_1.
The nematode C. elegans represents a powerful experimental system with key properties and advantages to study the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial DNA maternal inheritance and paternal components sorting. First, the transmission is uniparental and maternal as in many animal species; second, at fertilization sperm cells contain both mitochondria and mtDNA; and third, the worm allows powerful genetics and cell biology approaches to characterize the mechanisms underlying the uniparental and maternal transmission of mtDNA. Fertilization of C. elegans oocyte occurs inside the transparent body when the mature oocyte resumes meiosis I and passes through the spermatheca. One amoeboid sperm cell fuses with the oocyte and delivers its whole content. Among the structures entering the embryo, the sperm mitochondria and a fraction of the nematode-specific membranous organelles are rapidly degraded, whereas others like centrioles and sperm genomic DNA are transmitted. In this chapter, we will review the knowledge acquired on sperm inherited organelles clearance during the recent years using C. elegans.
线虫秀丽隐杆线虫是一个强大的实验系统，具有研究线粒体DNA母系遗传和父系成分分选机制的关键特性和优势。首先，和许多动物物种一样，其遗传是单亲的且为母系遗传；其次，受精时精子细胞同时含有线粒体和线粒体DNA；第三，这种线虫允许采用强大的遗传学和细胞生物学方法来表征线粒体DNA单亲母系遗传的机制。秀丽隐杆线虫卵母细胞在成熟卵母细胞恢复减数分裂I并穿过受精囊时，在透明体内发生受精。一个变形精子细胞与卵母细胞融合并传递其全部内容物。在进入胚胎的结构中，精子线粒体和一部分线虫特有的膜性细胞器会迅速降解，而其他结构如中心粒和精子基因组DNA则会遗传下去。在本章中，我们将回顾近年来利用秀丽隐杆线虫在精子遗传细胞器清除方面所获得的知识。
