Li Enkai, Zhu Tao, Dong Wenxuan, Huang Chengfei
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Anim Sci J. 2019 Jan;90(1):108-116. doi: 10.1111/asj.13127. Epub 2018 Nov 22.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of brown rice particle size on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients in diets fed to pigs at four different stages and determine the optimal particle size (OPS) of brown rice for young pigs and adult sows. Eighteen weanling piglets (initial body weight (BW): 10.2 ± 0.4 kg), 18 growing barrows (initial BW: 35.6 ± 1.5 kg), 24 gestating sows (initial BW: 220 ± 2.8 kg), and 24 lactating sows (initial BW: 208 ± 3.8 kg) were allotted to 1 of 3 or 4 diets based on completely randomized design with six replicates per diet. Within each stage, brown rice-soybean meal diets were formulated, and the only difference among diets was the brown rice used was ground to the specified particle size. Each stage lasted 19 days, including 7 days for cage adaptation, 7 days for diet adaptation, and 5 days for total feces and urine collection. For weanling and growing pigs, the results showed that pigs fed brown rice milled to 600 μm had a greater ATTD of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and crude protein (CP) than pigs fed brown rice ground to 800 μm. However, there was no improvement in the ATTD of energy and nutrients for pigs fed brown rice milled to 600 μm versus 400 μm. The concentration of nitrogen (N) in feces significantly reduced (p < 0.01) as brown rice particle size decreased from 800 to 400 μm. However, there were no differences in phosphorus (P) output and absorbed P among diets. For gestating and lactating sows, a reduction in particle size from 1,000 to 800 μm significantly improved (p < 0.01) the ATTD of DM, GE, and CP in diets. However, there was also no improvement in the ATTD of energy and nutrients for pigs fed brown rice milled from 800 to 400 μm. In conclusion, considering the energy required for milling and nutrient digestibility, milling brown rice to 600 and 800 μm are recommended in diets for young pigs and adult sows, respectively. The OPS of brown rice for pigs at different physiological stages should be considered to economically and accurately formulate diets.
本研究的目的是评估糙米粒度对四个不同阶段猪日粮中能量和养分的表观全肠道消化率（ATTD）的影响，并确定仔猪和成年母猪日粮中糙米的最佳粒度（OPS）。将18头断奶仔猪（初始体重（BW）：10.2±0.4千克）、18头生长育肥公猪（初始BW：35.6±1.5千克）、24头妊娠母猪（初始BW：220±2.8千克）和24头哺乳母猪（初始BW：208±3.8千克）根据完全随机设计分配到3种或4种日粮中的1种，每种日粮6个重复。在每个阶段，配制糙米-豆粕日粮，日粮之间的唯一差异是所用糙米研磨至指定粒度。每个阶段持续19天，包括7天的笼舍适应期、7天的日粮适应期和5天的粪便和尿液总收集期。对于断奶仔猪和生长猪，结果表明，饲喂研磨至600μm糙米的猪比饲喂研磨至800μm糙米的猪具有更高的干物质（DM）、总能（GE）和粗蛋白（CP）的ATTD。然而，饲喂研磨至600μm糙米的猪与饲喂研磨至400μm糙米的猪相比，能量和养分的ATTD没有提高。随着糙米粒度从800μm降至400μm，粪便中氮（N）的浓度显著降低（p<0.01）。然而，日粮之间的磷（P）输出和吸收的P没有差异。对于妊娠和哺乳母猪，粒度从1000μm降至800μm显著提高了（p<0.01）日粮中DM、GE和CP的ATTD。然而，饲喂从800μm研磨至400μm糙米的猪，能量和养分的ATTD也没有提高。总之，考虑到研磨所需能量和养分消化率，建议分别在仔猪和成年母猪日粮中将糙米研磨至600μm和800μm。应考虑不同生理阶段猪的糙米OPS，以经济且准确地配制日粮。
