Li Zhe, Gao Wenjun, Shi Huangwei, Xu Song, Zeng Zhengcheng, Wang Fenglai, Lai Changhua, Zhang Shuai
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs (North China Branch), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Oct 9;14(19):2907. doi: 10.3390/ani14192907.
The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the net energy requirements for the maintenance of gestating sows based on indirect calorimetry, and (2) to explore the feasibility of predicting the net energy requirements for the maintenance of gestating sows based on daily heart rate monitoring. In Exp. 1, six Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred reproductive sows with an initial body weight of 229.5 ± 14.9 kg at d 56 of gestation were randomly assigned to six diverse energy feeding levels using a 6 × 6 Latin square design. The experimental diet was formulated using corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran as major ingredients, and the six feeding levels were set as 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, and 2.2 times metabolizable energy for maintenance (100 kcal ME/kg BW·d), respectively. The animal trial lasted for six periods with 9 days per period, encompassing 5 days of adaptation, 3 days of calorimetry in fed state, and 1 day of calorimetry in fasting state. In Exp. 2, six Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred pregnant sows with an initial body weight of 232.5 ± 12.5 kg at d 64 were fed a corn-soybean meal diet. All sows were tested in a respiratory calorimetry chamber for a 4 day calorimetry test. The heat production of the gestation sows was measured every 5 min using indirect calorimetry, and the heart rate of the gestating sows was recorded every minute using a belt-shape monitor. The results showed that the net energy requirements for the maintenance of gestating sows significant increased as the gestational stage progressed ( < 0.05), and a linear regression model revealed the average net energy requirement for the maintenance of gestating sows was 410 kJ/BW d during late gestation (days 70-110). Moreover, the average heart rate of the gestating sows was 84 bpm, and the mathematical model developed to predict the net energy requirements for the maintenance of gestating sows was NEm(kcal/h)=19901+exp[136-HR(bpm)43]. In conclusion, the average net energy requirement for the maintenance of sows during late gestation was 410 kJ/BW d, and the utilization of the heart rate monitoring method was found to provide a relevant, accurate prediction for the net energy requirements of sows.
（1）基于间接量热法确定维持妊娠母猪的净能量需求；（2）探索基于每日心率监测预测维持妊娠母猪净能量需求的可行性。在试验1中，选用6头妊娠56天、初始体重为229.5±14.9 kg的长白×大白杂交繁殖母猪，采用6×6拉丁方设计，随机分配到6种不同能量饲喂水平。试验日粮以玉米、豆粕和麦麸为主要原料配制，6种饲喂水平分别设定为维持代谢能（100 kcal ME/kg BW·d）的1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8、2.0和2.2倍。动物试验持续6个周期，每个周期9天，包括5天适应期、3天采食状态下的量热法测定和1天禁食状态下的量热法测定。在试验2中，选用6头妊娠64天、初始体重为232.5±12.5 kg的长白×大白杂交妊娠母猪，饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮。所有母猪在呼吸量热室进行为期4天的量热法测试。采用间接量热法每5分钟测量一次妊娠母猪的产热，使用带状监测仪每分钟记录一次妊娠母猪的心率。结果表明，维持妊娠母猪的净能量需求随妊娠期进展显著增加（P<0.05），线性回归模型显示妊娠后期（70-110天）维持妊娠母猪的平均净能量需求为410 kJ/BW d。此外，妊娠母猪的平均心率为84次/分钟，所建立的用于预测维持妊娠母猪净能量需求的数学模型为NEm(kcal/h)=19901+exp[136-HR(bpm)43]。总之，妊娠后期维持母猪的平均净能量需求为410 kJ/BW d，发现利用心率监测方法可为母猪的净能量需求提供相关、准确的预测。
