Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Feb;124:81-100. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.047. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Aflatoxins are a class of carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi and are known to contaminate a large portion of the world's food supply. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent of these compounds and has been well-characterized to lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans and animals. This review focuses on the metabolism of AFB1, including epoxidation and DNA adduction, as it concerns the initiation of cancer and the underlying mechanisms. The link between AFB1 consumption and HCC is also discussed including synergistic interactions with the hepatitis B virus. Toxic effects of AFB1, including growth suppression, malnutrition, and immunomodulation, are also covered. This review also describes recent reports of AFB1 occurrence in global food supplies and exposures in occupational settings. Furthermore, a summary of recent detoxification methods is included to indicate the present state of the field in developing aflatoxin control methods. This information shows that AFB1 occurs frequently in food supplies at high concentrations, particularly in maize. Regarding detoxification methods, chemical control methods were the fastest methods that still retained high detoxification efficacy. The information presented here highlights the need to implement new and/or existing detoxification methods to reduce the global burden of AFB1 toxicity.
黄曲霉毒素是一类由曲霉菌产生的致癌真菌毒素，已知会污染世界上很大一部分的食物供应。黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）是这些化合物中最具活性的一种，并且已被充分证明会导致人类和动物的肝细胞癌（HCC）的发生。本篇综述重点介绍了 AFB1 的代谢，包括环氧化和 DNA 加合物形成，因为这涉及癌症的发生和潜在机制。还讨论了 AFB1 摄入与 HCC 之间的联系，包括与乙型肝炎病毒的协同作用。AFB1 的毒性作用，包括生长抑制、营养不良和免疫调节，也包括在内。本综述还描述了全球食物供应中 AFB1 的近期报告和职业环境中的暴露情况。此外，还包括了最近脱毒方法的摘要，以表明该领域在开发黄曲霉毒素控制方法方面的现状。这些信息表明，AFB1 在食物供应中经常以高浓度存在，尤其是在玉米中。关于脱毒方法，化学控制方法是最快的方法，仍然保持着很高的脱毒效果。这里介绍的信息强调了需要实施新的和/或现有的脱毒方法，以减轻全球 AFB1 毒性的负担。
