MDI Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
MDI Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
Trends Genet. 2019 Jan;35(1):6-14. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.10.005. Epub 2018 Nov 21.
Polyploidy (the more than doubling of a cell's genome) frequently arises during organogenesis, tissue repair, and age-associated diseases. Despite its prevalence, major gaps exist in how polyploid cells emerge and affect tissue function. Studies have begun to elucidate the signals required for polyploid cell growth as well as the advantages and disadvantages of polyploidy in health and disease. This review highlights the recent advances on the role and regulation of polyploidy in Drosophila and vertebrate models. The newly discovered versatility of polyploid cells has the potential to provide alternative strategies to promote tissue growth and repair, while limiting disease and dysfunction.
多倍体（细胞基因组加倍超过两倍）在器官发生、组织修复和与年龄相关的疾病中经常出现。尽管多倍体很常见，但对于多倍体细胞的出现方式以及多倍体对健康和疾病的影响仍存在很大的认识空白。研究已经开始阐明多倍体细胞生长所需的信号，以及多倍体在健康和疾病中的优势和劣势。这篇综述强调了多倍体在果蝇和脊椎动物模型中的作用和调控的最新进展。新发现的多倍体细胞的多功能性有可能提供促进组织生长和修复的替代策略，同时限制疾病和功能障碍。
