Zick Suzanna Maria, Snyder Detrick, Abrams Donald I
Oncology (Williston Park). 2018 Nov 15;32(11):542-7.
As many as 48% of cancer patients pursue popular diets, including the alkaline, Paleolithic, ketogenic, vegan, and macrobiotic diets, with the hope that they will improve survival and prevent recurrence. These diets have positive aspects consistent with the dietary guidelines proposed by the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR). All of the diets emphasize eating vegetables, all but the ketogenic diet encourage eating fruit, and all but the vegan diet limit refined grains and alcohol. Both the macrobiotic and the alkaline diets meet the majority of the ACS and AICR guidelines. Negative aspects of these diets include pseudo-scientific rationales for their anti-cancer properties, limited evidence that they improve cancer outcomes, the possibility for nutrient insufficiencies, and elimination of food groups proven beneficial for cancer prevention and general health. Moreover, with nutritional counseling, nutrient insufficiencies and misalignment with cancer clinical guidelines can often be addressed. Clinicians should consider strategies to encourage evidence-based dietary changes that encourage positive features of popular cancer diets, while minimizing negative aspects.
多达48%的癌症患者采用流行的饮食方式，包括碱性饮食、旧石器饮食、生酮饮食、纯素饮食和延年益寿饮食，希望这些饮食能提高生存率并预防复发。这些饮食方式具有与美国癌症协会（ACS）和美国癌症研究学会（AICR）提出的饮食指南相一致的积极方面。所有这些饮食都强调食用蔬菜，除生酮饮食外都鼓励食用水果，除纯素饮食外都限制精制谷物和酒精摄入。延年益寿饮食和碱性饮食都符合ACS和AICR的大部分指南。这些饮食方式的消极方面包括其抗癌特性的伪科学理论依据、它们改善癌症预后的证据有限、存在营养不足的可能性，以及排除了已被证明对癌症预防和总体健康有益的食物类别。此外，通过营养咨询，营养不足以及与癌症临床指南不符的情况通常可以得到解决。临床医生应考虑采取策略，鼓励基于证据的饮食改变，在鼓励流行的癌症饮食方式积极特征的同时，尽量减少消极方面。
