Fern Robert, Matute Carlos
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
Neurosci Lett. 2019 Feb 16;694:86-92. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.031. Epub 2018 Nov 23.
White matter (WM) damage during ischemia occurs at multiple sites including myelin, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and axons. A major driver of WM demise is excitoxicity as a consequence of excessive glutamate release by vesicular and non-vesicular mechanisms from axons and glial cells. This results in over-activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) profusely expressed by all cell compartments in WM. Thus, blocking excitotoxicity in WM with selective antagonists of those receptors has a potential therapeutic value. The significance of WM GluR expression for WM stroke injury is the focus of this review, and we will examine the role of GluRs in injury to myelin, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and the axon cylinder.
缺血期间的白质（WM）损伤发生在多个部位，包括髓鞘、少突胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和轴突。WM死亡的一个主要驱动因素是兴奋性毒性，这是轴突和胶质细胞通过囊泡和非囊泡机制过度释放谷氨酸的结果。这导致WM中所有细胞区室大量表达的离子型谷氨酸受体（GluRs）过度激活。因此，用这些受体的选择性拮抗剂阻断WM中的兴奋性毒性具有潜在的治疗价值。WM中GluR表达对WM中风损伤的意义是本综述的重点，我们将研究GluRs在髓鞘、少突胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和轴突圆柱体损伤中的作用。
