Brachtlova Tereza, van Beusechem Victor W
Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Cells. 2018 Nov 23;7(12):228. doi: 10.3390/cells7120228.
Oncolytic virus therapy of cancer is an actively pursued field of research. Viruses that were once considered as pathogens threatening the wellbeing of humans and animals alike are with every passing decade more prominently regarded as vehicles for genetic and oncolytic therapies. Oncolytic viruses kill cancer cells, sparing healthy tissues, and provoke an anticancer immune response. Among these viruses, recombinant adenoviruses are particularly attractive agents for oncolytic immunotherapy of cancer. Different approaches are currently examined to maximize their therapeutic effect. Here, knowledge of virus⁻host interactions may lead the way. In this regard, viral and host microRNAs are of particular interest. In addition, cellular factors inhibiting viral replication or dampening immune responses are being discovered. Therefore, applying RNA interference is an attractive approach to strengthen the anticancer efficacy of oncolytic viruses gaining attention in recent years. RNA interference can be used to fortify the virus' cancer cell-killing and immune-stimulating properties and to suppress cellular pathways to cripple the tumor. In this review, we discuss different ways of how RNA interference may be utilized to increase the efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses, to reveal their full potential.
癌症的溶瘤病毒疗法是一个正在积极探索的研究领域。曾经被视为威胁人类和动物健康的病原体的病毒，每过十年就越来越被视为基因疗法和溶瘤疗法的载体。溶瘤病毒能杀死癌细胞，而不损伤健康组织，并引发抗癌免疫反应。在这些病毒中，重组腺病毒是癌症溶瘤免疫疗法特别有吸引力的药物。目前正在研究不同的方法以最大化它们的治疗效果。在这方面，病毒与宿主相互作用的知识可能会起到引领作用。在这方面，病毒和宿主的微小RNA特别受关注。此外，正在发现抑制病毒复制或减弱免疫反应的细胞因子。因此，应用RNA干扰是近年来一种增强溶瘤病毒抗癌疗效的有吸引力的方法。RNA干扰可用于增强病毒的癌细胞杀伤和免疫刺激特性，并抑制细胞途径以削弱肿瘤。在本综述中，我们讨论了如何利用RNA干扰来提高溶瘤腺病毒的疗效，以揭示其全部潜力的不同方法。
