Farnoodian Mitra, Sorenson Christine M, Sheibani Nader
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):470-486. doi: 10.4103/jovr.jovr_67_18.
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing capillaries, is very tightly regulated and normally does not occur except during developmental and reparative processes. This tight regulation is maintained by a balanced production of positive and negative regulators, and alterations under pathological conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration can lead to growth of new and abnormal blood vessels. Although the role of proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor has been extensively studied, little is known about the roles of negative regulators of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Here, we will discuss the role of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), one of the first known endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis, in ocular vascular homeostasis, and how its alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization. We will also discuss its potential utility as a therapeutic target for treatment of ocular diseases with a neovascular component.
血管生成是指从已有的毛细血管形成新的血管，这一过程受到严格调控，通常仅在发育和修复过程中发生。这种严格调控通过正负调节因子的平衡产生得以维持，而在诸如早产儿视网膜病变、糖尿病性视网膜病变和年龄相关性黄斑变性等病理条件下，这种平衡的改变会导致新的异常血管生长。尽管血管内皮生长因子等促血管生成因子的作用已得到广泛研究，但对于血管生成负调节因子在这些疾病发病机制中的作用却知之甚少。在此，我们将讨论血小板反应蛋白-1（TSP1）——最早被发现的内源性血管生成抑制剂之一——在眼部血管稳态中的作用，以及其改变如何可能导致年龄相关性黄斑变性和脉络膜新生血管形成的发病机制。我们还将讨论其作为治疗具有新生血管成分的眼部疾病的治疗靶点的潜在效用。
