The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019 Mar;29(3):360-368. doi: 10.1111/sms.13348. Epub 2019 Jan 4.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with microvascular dysfunction, but little is known about how capillary ultrastructure is affected by exercise training. To investigate the effect of two types of exercise training on skeletal muscle capillary ultrastructure and capillarization in individuals with type 2 diabetes, 21 individuals with type 2 diabetes were allocated (randomized controlled trial) to 11 weeks of aerobic exercise training consisting of either moderate-intensity endurance training (END; n = 10) or low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 11). Skeletal muscle biopsies (m vastus lateralis) were obtained before and after the training intervention. At baseline, there was no difference in capillarization, capillary structure, and exercise hyperemia between the two groups. After the training intervention, capillary-to-fiber ratio increased by 8% ± 3% in the END group (P < 0.05) and was unchanged in the HIIT group with no difference between groups. Endothelium thickness increased (P < 0.05), basement membrane thickness decreased (P < 0.05), and the capillary lumen tended (P = 0.07) to increase in the END group, whereas these structural indicators were unchanged after HIIT. In contrast, skeletal muscle endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) increased after HIIT (P < 0.05), but not END, whereas there was no change in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2, or NADPH oxidase after both training protocols. In contrast to END training, HIIT did not alter capillarization or capillary structure in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, HIIT appears to be a less effective strategy to treat capillary rarefaction and reduce basement thickening in type 2 diabetes.
2 型糖尿病与微血管功能障碍有关，但对于运动训练如何影响毛细血管超微结构知之甚少。为了研究两种运动训练方式对 2 型糖尿病患者骨骼肌毛细血管超微结构和毛细血管化的影响，将 21 名 2 型糖尿病患者（随机对照试验）分配到 11 周的有氧运动训练中，包括中等强度耐力训练（END；n=10）或低容量高强度间歇训练（HIIT；n=11）。在训练干预前后采集骨骼肌活检（m 股外侧肌）。在基线时，两组之间的毛细血管化、毛细血管结构和运动性充血没有差异。在训练干预后，END 组的毛细血管与纤维比增加了 8%±3%（P<0.05），而 HIIT 组则没有变化，两组之间没有差异。内皮细胞厚度增加（P<0.05），基底膜厚度减少（P<0.05），并且 END 组的毛细血管腔趋于增加（P=0.07），而 HIIT 后这些结构指标没有变化。相比之下，HIIT 后骨骼肌内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）增加（P<0.05），而 END 则没有，而两种训练方案后血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）-2 或 NADPH 氧化酶均无变化。与 END 训练相比，HIIT 并没有改变 2 型糖尿病患者的毛细血管化或毛细血管结构。总之，HIIT 似乎是一种治疗毛细血管稀疏和减少 2 型糖尿病基底膜增厚的效果较差的策略。
