Marks I
Institute of Psychiatry, London, England.
Am J Psychiatry. 1988 Oct;145(10):1207-13. doi: 10.1176/ajp.145.10.1207.
Natural human uneasiness about blood, injury, or deformity sometimes becomes a specific phobia, which can lead to serious disability if vital medical procedures are refused. Blood-injury phobia usually starts in childhood and is often familial. Unlike other phobic cues, which cause persistent tachycardia, blood-injury phobic cues evoke an initial rise in heart rate followed by vasovagal bradycardia and, frequently, syncope. Although blood-injury phobia may have an evolutionary, genetic, and physiological basis, it can be treated effectively by exposure. The tendency to faint early in exposure therapy can be reduced by lying down, tensing the muscles, or inducing anger.
人类对血液、受伤或畸形与生俱来的不安有时会发展成一种特定的恐惧症，如果拒绝接受关键的医疗程序，可能会导致严重的残疾。血液-受伤恐惧症通常始于童年，且往往具有家族性。与其他引发持续性心动过速的恐惧线索不同，血液-受伤恐惧线索会引发心率先上升，随后出现血管迷走性心动过缓，且常常伴有晕厥。尽管血液-受伤恐惧症可能有进化、遗传和生理基础，但通过暴露疗法可以有效治疗。在暴露疗法早期出现昏厥的倾向可以通过躺下、绷紧肌肉或引发愤怒来减轻。
