James Cook University, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
Parasit Vectors. 2018 Nov 27;11(1):606. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-3201-1.
Decisions on when vector control can be withdrawn after malaria is eliminated depend on the receptivity or potential of an area to support vector populations. To guide malaria control and elimination programmes, the potential of biting rates, sporozoite rates, entomological inoculation rates and parity rates to estimate malaria receptivity and transmission were compared within and among geographically localised villages of active transmission in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands.
Malaria transmission and transmission potential was heterogeneous in both time and space both among and within villages as defined by anopheline species composition and biting densities. Biting rates during the peak biting period (from 18:00 to 00:00 h) of the primary vector, Anopheles farauti, ranged from less than 0.3 bites per person per half night in low receptivity villages to 26 bites per person in highly receptive villages. Within villages, sites with high anopheline biting rates were significantly clustered. Sporozoite rates provided evidence for continued transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax and P. ovale by An. farauti and for incriminating An. hinesorum, as a minor vector, but were unreliable as indicators of transmission intensity.
In the low transmission area studied, sporozoite, entomological inoculation and parity rates could not be measured with the precision required to provide guidance to malaria programmes. Receptivity and potential transmission risk may be most reliably estimated by the vector biting rate. These results support the meaningful design of operational research programmes to ensure that resources are focused on providing information that can be utilised by malaria control programmes to best understand both transmission, transmission risk and receptivity across different areas.
疟疾消除后何时可以停止病媒控制取决于该地区支持病媒种群的接受程度或潜力。为了指导疟疾控制和消除规划，在西所罗门群岛活跃传播地区的地理上局部村庄内和之间比较了叮咬率、子孢子率、昆虫接种率和繁殖率来估计疟疾的接受度和传播能力。
疟疾传播及其传播潜力在时间和空间上均具有异质性，既存在于村庄之间，也存在于村庄内部，这取决于按按蚊种类组成和叮咬密度来定义的村庄。主要病媒按蚊（Anopheles farauti）在高峰叮咬期（18:00 至 00:00 时）的叮咬率在低接受度村庄中每人每半晚不到 0.3 次，在高接受度村庄中每人高达 26 次。在村庄内部，高按蚊叮咬率的地点明显呈聚集状态。子孢子率为按蚊 farauti 持续传播恶性疟原虫、间日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫提供了证据，并将疟原虫 hinesorum 作为次要病媒来定罪，但作为传播强度的指标不可靠。
在所研究的低传播地区，子孢子率、昆虫接种率和繁殖率的测量精度无法达到为疟疾规划提供指导的要求。接受度和潜在传播风险可能最可靠地通过病媒叮咬率来估计。这些结果支持有意义地设计运营研究方案，以确保资源集中用于提供信息，使疟疾控制规划能够最好地了解不同地区的传播、传播风险和接受度。
