van der Wiel Renée
Wits Institute of Social and Economic Research (WISER), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Department of Anthropology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Med Humanit. 2018 Dec;44(4):e2. doi: 10.1136/medhum-2018-011476.
Warned by social scientists about 'the disciplinary divide' and the hostility of medical professionals to qualitative research, I was pleasantly surprised by the collegiality I experienced while conducting fieldwork among clinician-researchers in South Africa. This commentary is a challenge to common discourse, historically dominant in a global (north) anthropology, that biomedical practitioners are necessarily antagonistic to the humanities. Drawing on my field experiences, I propose an optimistic outlook for collaboration and inclusivity in developing medical and health humanities in Africa. While conducting anthropological fieldwork among doctors producing medical research, I gained access to elite professional spaces, even presenting anthropological work in medical research forums. I established relationships with leading figures in various clinical departments and research institutes. There were, unsurprisingly, times when I had to rigorously defend my methodology. I had to revise my methodological knowledge including on quantitative methods to explain varying epistemologies to both sympathetic and doubtful medical colleagues. But, I was often treated as a fellow researcher, a colleague. Some clinician-researchers accepted me as having different, valuable expertise to analyse human complexity and proposed opportunities for possible collaboration. I argue that these clinicians appreciated this expertise because of their pervasive perceptions of crisis in healthcare and an awareness of the complexities of biomedicine in an African context of social heterogeneity, medical pluralism and legacies of social injustice. These concerns around crisis and complexity may be points of leverage for expanding interdisciplinary collaboration and facilitating access to research sites and research forums.
社会科学家曾警告过“学科鸿沟”以及医学专业人员对定性研究的敌意,然而,当我在南非的临床研究人员中进行实地考察时所体验到的融洽氛围,还是让我颇感惊喜。这篇评论对一种在全球(北方)人类学中历来占主导地位的常见话语提出了挑战,即生物医学从业者必然与人文科学对立。基于我的实地经验,我对非洲医学与健康人文学科发展中的合作与包容性提出了一种乐观的展望。在对从事医学研究的医生进行人类学实地考察时,我得以进入精英专业领域,甚至在医学研究论坛上展示人类学研究成果。我与各个临床科室和研究机构的领军人物建立了关系。不出所料,有时我不得不为自己的方法论进行严格辩护。我不得不修订包括定量方法在内的方法论知识,以便向支持和持怀疑态度的医学同事解释不同的认识论。但是,我常常被当作同行研究者、同事对待。一些临床研究人员认可我拥有不同的、有价值的专业知识来分析人类的复杂性,并提出了可能的合作机会。我认为,这些临床医生之所以欣赏这种专业知识,是因为他们普遍意识到医疗保健中的危机,以及在非洲社会异质性、医学多元性和社会不公正遗留问题的背景下对生物医学复杂性的认识。围绕危机和复杂性的这些担忧,可能是扩大跨学科合作以及便利进入研究场所和研究论坛的着力点。