Kurtzeborn Kristen, Cebrian Cristina, Kuure Satu
Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Front Physiol. 2018 Nov 12;9:1588. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01588. eCollection 2018.
Classically, trophic factors are considered as proteins which support neurons in their growth, survival, and differentiation. However, most neurotrophic factors also have important functions outside of the nervous system. Especially essential renal growth and differentiation regulators are glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Here we discuss how trophic factor-induced signaling contributes to the control of ureteric bud (UB) branching morphogenesis and to maintenance and differentiation of nephrogenic mesenchyme in embryonic kidney. The review includes recent advances in trophic factor functions during the guidance of branching morphogenesis and self-renewal versus differentiation decisions, both of which dictate the control of kidney size and nephron number. Creative utilization of current information may help better recapitulate renal differentiation , but it is obvious that significantly more basic knowledge is needed for development of regeneration-based renal therapies.
传统上，营养因子被认为是支持神经元生长、存活和分化的蛋白质。然而，大多数神经营养因子在神经系统之外也具有重要功能。对肾脏生长和分化特别重要的调节因子是胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子（GDNF）、骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）和成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）。在这里，我们讨论营养因子诱导的信号传导如何有助于控制输尿管芽（UB）的分支形态发生以及胚胎肾脏中肾间质的维持和分化。这篇综述包括了营养因子在分支形态发生引导过程中的功能以及自我更新与分化决定方面的最新进展，这两个方面都决定了肾脏大小和肾单位数量的控制。创造性地利用当前信息可能有助于更好地重现肾脏分化，但显然，基于再生的肾脏治疗的发展还需要更多的基础知识。
