Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria.
Mycotoxin Res. 2019 May;35(2):149-155. doi: 10.1007/s12550-018-0337-y. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary fungal metabolites that can negatively affect animal productivity when ingested through feed. In order to assess mycotoxin contamination of poultry feed and feed ingredients vis-a-vis source tracking of feed contamination in Nigeria, 102 samples of feed (n = 30) and feed ingredients (n = 72) were collected from in-house mills of poultry farms across 12 states of Nigeria and analyzed for multiple mycotoxins using LC/MS-MS. One hundred and forty microbial metabolites were detected in the feed and feed ingredients. The most frequent mycotoxin in the feed was fumonisin B, occurring in 97% of the samples at mean concentration of 1014 μg kg. AFB occurred in 83% of the feed samples at mean concentration of 74 μg kg and in all feed ingredients except fish meal and other cereals (millet and rice). Feed samples analyzed in this study were contaminated with at least four mycotoxins: aflatoxins and fumonisin co-occurring in 80% of the samples. Peanut cake and maize contributed the most to the levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin, respectively, in the feed. Consequently, there is a need to explore other cereal- and protein-based ingredients for compounding feeds in order to reduce the risk associated with high mycotoxin (e.g. aflatoxin) intake in poultry.
真菌毒素是有毒的次级真菌代谢物，如果通过饲料被动物摄入，会对其生产性能产生负面影响。为了评估尼日利亚家禽饲料和饲料成分中的真菌毒素污染情况，以及饲料污染的来源追踪，我们从尼日利亚 12 个州的家禽养殖场的内部工厂收集了 102 份饲料（n=30）和饲料成分（n=72）样本，并使用 LC/MS-MS 分析了多种真菌毒素。在饲料和饲料成分中检测到 140 种微生物代谢物。在饲料中最常见的真菌毒素是伏马菌素 B，在 97%的样本中出现，平均浓度为 1014μg/kg。黄曲霉毒素 B 在 83%的饲料样本中出现，平均浓度为 74μg/kg，除了鱼粉和其他谷物（小米和大米）之外，所有饲料成分中都有出现。本研究分析的饲料样本至少受到四种真菌毒素的污染：黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素同时出现在 80%的样本中。花生饼和玉米分别对饲料中的黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素水平贡献最大。因此，有必要探索其他谷物和蛋白质为基础的成分来配制饲料，以降低家禽摄入高真菌毒素（如黄曲霉毒素）的风险。
