Department of Nursing and Applied Sciences, Methodist University College Ghana, Wenchi Campus, Ghana; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Toxicon. 2021 Jul 30;198:164-170. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.05.006. Epub 2021 May 18.
The study was undertaken to identify the major mycotoxigenic fungi, aflatoxin and fumonisin levels in prepared poultry feeds in Ghana. Three hundred and fifty (350) prepared feed samples were randomly collected from 133 commercial poultry farms, 76 feed processors and eight (8) feed vendors in three major poultry producing regions of Ghana over two seasons. Fungi were isolated using the serial dilution method on potato dextrose agar and identified using standard methods of identification. Total aflatoxin and fumonisin levels were quantified using AgraStrip® Total Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Quantitative test Watex® from RomerLab, USA. Eight (8) different fungi were isolated from the feed samples with isolation frequency as follows: Aspergillus flavus (47%), A. niger (24%), A. fumigatus (17%), A. oryzae (3%), A. tamarii (2%), Penicillium sp. (3%), Colletotrichum sp. (4%) and Rhizopus sp. (0.1%). Feed samples collected during the rainy season recorded higher mean colony counts (3.39 ± 0.29) than that of the dry season (1.10 ± 0.18). Total aflatoxin and fumonisin levels ranged from 0 to 118 ppb with a mean of 57.25 ± 2.55 ppb, and 0.28-15 ppm with a mean of 1.54 ± 0.12 ppm, respectively. The study revealed co-occurrence of aflatoxin and fumonisin in all the feed samples. Significant correlations (r = 0.298, r = 0.694) (p < 0.05) were observed among the aflatoxin and fumonisin levels and the fungi isolated. Seventy-four percent (74%) of all the feed samples exceeded the 15 ppb Ghana Standards Authority threshold, the EU regulatory limit of 20 ppb and the FAO/WHO recommended maximum permissible limit of 30 ppb for poultry feeds. Although fumonisin levels were less than the EU guidance values of 20 ppm for poultry feeds, 20% of the samples were higher than the FAO/WHO maximum tolerable daily intake limit of 2 ppm. Proper handling of prepared feeds and ingredients could prevent or minimize toxigenic fungi contamination and lower the likelihood of mycotoxin development in poultry feeds.
本研究旨在确定加纳制备家禽饲料中的主要产毒真菌、黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素水平。在两个季节里，从加纳三个主要家禽产区的 133 家商业家禽养殖场、76 家饲料加工厂和 8 家饲料供应商中，随机采集了 350 份（350）制备饲料样品。使用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂的连续稀释法分离真菌，并使用标准鉴定方法进行鉴定。使用美国 RomerLab 的 AgraStrip®总黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素定量测试 Watex®定量测定总黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素水平。从饲料样品中分离出 8 种不同的真菌，分离频率如下：黄曲霉（47%）、黑曲霉（24%）、烟曲霉（17%）、米曲霉（3%）、塔玛里曲霉（2%）、青霉属（3%）、炭疽菌属（4%）和根霉属（0.1%）。雨季采集的饲料样品记录的平均菌落数（3.39±0.29）高于旱季（1.10±0.18）。总黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素水平范围为 0 至 118 ppb，平均值为 57.25±2.55 ppb，0.28 至 15 ppm，平均值为 1.54±0.12 ppm。研究表明，所有饲料样品中均存在黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素的共同存在。在黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素水平以及分离出的真菌之间观察到显著的相关性（r=0.298，r=0.694）（p<0.05）。74%（74%）的所有饲料样品超过加纳标准局设定的 15 ppb 阈值、欧盟规定的 20 ppb 限量和粮农组织/世界卫生组织推荐的 30 ppb 禽用饲料最大允许限量。尽管伏马菌素水平低于欧盟规定的禽用饲料 20 ppm 的指导值，但 20%的样品高于粮农组织/世界卫生组织规定的 2 ppm 的最大耐受日摄入量。适当处理制备的饲料和成分可以防止或最大限度地减少产毒真菌的污染，并降低家禽饲料中产生霉菌毒素的可能性。
