Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1103:1-11. doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-56847-6_1.
Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells, identified as cells positive for the pluripotent marker stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA-3+), were discovered as stress-tolerant pluripotent stem cells from among mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts, as well as from the adult human bone marrow mononucleated fraction. MSCs are a crude population of cells that differentiate into multiple cell types covering all three germ layers in low proportion and were thus deduced to contain a genuine pluripotent stem cell subpopulation. Muse cells constitute several percent of MSCs and 1 of ~3000 bone marrow mononucleated cells. They exhibit pluripotent gene expression as well as trilineage differentiation and self-renewal capabilities at the single-cell level, while, in contrast, MSC cells other than Muse cells do not exhibit these characteristics. These characteristics indicate that Muse cells correspond to the subpopulation of MSC cells responsible for the pluripotent aspect of MSCs. In addition to their pluripotency, Muse cells play an important role in vivo as endogenous stem cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis through daily reparative maintenance and to tissue reconstruction through their unique reparative functions following serious tissue damage. This chapter describes how my research team discovered Muse cells.
多能诱导应激耐受细胞（Muse 细胞）被鉴定为多能标志物阶段特异性胚胎抗原（SSEA-3+）阳性细胞，是从间充质干细胞（MSCs）和成纤维细胞，以及从成人骨髓有核细胞部分中发现的具有应激耐受能力的多能干细胞。MSCs 是一种粗制细胞群体，可低比例分化为覆盖所有三个胚层的多种细胞类型，因此推测其包含真正的多能干细胞亚群。Muse 细胞构成 MSCs 的百分之几和骨髓有核细胞的 1/3000。它们表现出多能基因表达以及三系分化和自我更新能力，而 MSC 细胞中的 Muse 细胞则不具有这些特征。这些特征表明 Muse 细胞对应于 MSC 细胞中负责 MSC 多能性的亚群。除了多能性，Muse 细胞在体内还作为内源性干细胞发挥重要作用，通过日常修复维持来维持组织稳态，并通过其独特的修复功能在严重组织损伤后进行组织重建。本章介绍了我的研究团队如何发现 Muse 细胞。
