Jani Rati, Rush Elaine, Crook Nic, Simmons David
School of Clinical Sciences, University of Canberra,
Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2018;27(6):1357-1365. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.201811_27(6).0023.
Examine availability and price of healthier foods-vs-regular counterparts and their association with obesity.
A cross-sectional survey of weight and height among Māori in 2 urban and 96 rural areas in the Waikato/Lakes Districts-NZ (year 2004-06) was undertaken. Concurrently, availability of 11 'healthier' food in fast-food-outlets was examined by location (urban vs rural) and median income (high-low). In supermarkets, five-specific 'regular' foods were scored against 'healthier' counterparts (white-vs-wholemeal bread, with-skin-vs-skinless chicken, regular-vs-trim meat, standard-vs-trim milk, sugarsweetened- beverages vs-water) for in-store availability and price according to the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey.
Overall, 3,817 Māori (BMI: women: 32.9±7.8 kg/m2; men: 33.1±6.7 kg/m2) were included with 451 food-outlets in two urban-clusters and 698 food-outlets in 96 rural-clusters. Fast-foods: The availability of healthier food choices was higher for 8/11 items in rural and low-income areas than urban and high-income areas. Multivariate analysis considered location and income as cofactors. No association between number of fast-food-outlets/cluster and healthier foods/cluster with obesity prevalence (General/Māori BMI cutoffs) was observed. Supermarkets: Water was cheaper than sugar-sweetened-beverages and negatively associated with obesity prevalence (General r=-0.53, p=0.03; Māori r=-0.53, p=0.03); high availability scores for trim milk compared to standard milk correlated with higher obesity prevalence (General r=0.49, p=0.04; Māori r=0.57, p=0.01).
Bottled water vs sugar-sweetened-beverages prices were inversely associated with obesity. This supports the argument to regulate the availability and price of sugar-sweetened-beverages in NZ. The positive association of the availability of trim milk with the prevalence of obesity warrants investigation into individual's dietary and food-purchase behaviour.
研究更健康食品与普通食品的可获得性、价格及其与肥胖的关联。
对新西兰怀卡托/湖区2个城市和96个农村地区的毛利人进行了体重和身高的横断面调查（2004 - 2006年）。同时，按地点（城市与农村）和中位数收入（高与低）对快餐店内11种“更健康”食品的可获得性进行了调查。在超市中，根据营养环境测量调查，针对5种特定的“普通”食品与“更健康”食品（白面包与全麦面包、带皮鸡肉与去皮鸡肉、普通肉与低脂肉、标准牛奶与低脂牛奶、含糖饮料与水）的店内可获得性和价格进行了评分。
总体而言，纳入了3817名毛利人（BMI：女性：32.9±7.8kg/m²；男性：33.1±6.7kg/m²），两个城市集群中有451个食品店，96个农村集群中有698个食品店。快餐：农村和低收入地区11种食品中有8种更健康食品选择比城市和高收入地区更容易获得。多变量分析将地点和收入作为协变量。未观察到每个集群的快餐店数量/更健康食品数量与肥胖患病率（一般/毛利人BMI临界值）之间存在关联。超市：水比含糖饮料便宜，且与肥胖患病率呈负相关（一般r = -0.53，p = 0.03；毛利人r = -0.53，p = 0.03）；与标准牛奶相比，低脂牛奶的高可获得性评分与更高的肥胖患病率相关（一般r = 0.49，p = 0.04；毛利人r = 0.57，p = 0.01）。
瓶装水与含糖饮料的价格与肥胖呈负相关。这支持了在新西兰对含糖饮料的可获得性和价格进行监管的观点。低脂牛奶的可获得性与肥胖患病率之间的正相关值得对个人的饮食和食品购买行为进行调查。
