Marshall Teresa A, Van Buren John M, Warren John J, Cavanaugh Joseph E, Levy Steven M
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017 May;117(5):698-706. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.01.010. Epub 2017 Mar 2.
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been associated with obesity in children and adults; however, associations between beverage patterns and obesity are not understood.
Our aim was to describe beverage patterns during adolescence and associations between adolescent beverage patterns and anthropometric measures at age 17 years.
We conducted a cross-sectional analyses of longitudinally collected data.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Data from participants in the longitudinal Iowa Fluoride Study having at least one beverage questionnaire completed between ages 13.0 and 14.0 years, having a second questionnaire completed between 16.0 and 17.0 years, and attending clinic examination for weight and height measurements at age 17 years (n=369) were included.
Beverages were collapsed into four categories (ie, 100% juice, milk, water and other sugar-free beverages, and SSBs) for the purpose of clustering. Five beverage clusters were identified from standardized age 13 to 17 years mean daily beverage intakes and named by the authors for the dominant beverage: juice, milk, water/sugar-free beverages, neutral, and SSB.
Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m) at age 17 years were analyzed.
We used Ward's method for clustering of beverage variables, one-way analysis of variance and χ tests for bivariable associations, and γ-regression for associations of weight or BMI (outcomes) with beverage clusters and demographic variables. Linear regression was used for associations of height (outcome) with beverage clusters and demographic variables.
Participants with family incomes <$60,000 trended shorter (1.5±0.8 cm; P=0.070) and were heavier (2.0±0.7 BMI units; P=0.002) than participants with family incomes ≥$60,000/year. Adjusted mean weight, height, and BMI estimates differed by beverage cluster membership. For example, on average, male and female members of the neutral cluster were 4.5 cm (P=0.010) and 4.2 cm (P=0.034) shorter, respectively, than members of the milk cluster. For members of the juice cluster, mean BMI was lower than for members of the milk cluster (by 2.4 units), water/sugar-free beverage cluster (3.5 units), neutral cluster (2.2 units), and SSB cluster (3.2 units) (all P<0.05).
Beverage patterns at ages 13 to 17 years were associated with anthropometric measures and BMI at age 17 years in this sample. Beverage patterns might be characteristic of overall food choices and dietary behaviors that influence growth.
含糖饮料（SSB）已被证实与儿童及成人肥胖有关；然而，饮料摄入模式与肥胖之间的关联尚不明确。
我们旨在描述青少年时期的饮料摄入模式，以及青少年饮料摄入模式与17岁时人体测量指标之间的关联。
我们对纵向收集的数据进行了横断面分析。
参与者/研究背景：纳入纵向爱荷华氟化物研究中年龄在13.0至14.0岁之间至少完成一份饮料问卷、16.0至17.0岁之间完成第二份问卷且17岁时到诊所进行体重和身高测量的参与者数据（n = 369）。
为了进行聚类分析，将饮料分为四类（即100%果汁、牛奶、水和其他无糖饮料以及含糖饮料）。从13至17岁标准化平均每日饮料摄入量中确定了五个饮料组，并由作者根据主要饮料命名：果汁组、牛奶组、水/无糖饮料组、中性组和含糖饮料组。
分析了17岁时的体重、身高和体重指数（BMI；计算方法为kg/m）。
我们使用沃德法对饮料变量进行聚类分析，采用单因素方差分析和卡方检验进行双变量关联分析，采用γ回归分析体重或BMI（结局指标）与饮料组及人口统计学变量之间的关联。使用线性回归分析身高（结局指标）与饮料组及人口统计学变量之间的关联。
家庭收入低于60,000美元的参与者比家庭收入≥60,000美元/年的参与者平均身高略矮（1.5±0.8厘米；P = 0.070），体重更重（BMI单位为2.0±0.7；P = 0.002）。根据饮料组归属，调整后的平均体重、身高和BMI估计值存在差异。例如，平均而言，中性组的男性和女性成员分别比牛奶组的成员矮4.5厘米（P = 0.010）和4.2厘米（P = 0.034）。果汁组成员的平均BMI低于牛奶组（低2.4个单位）、水/无糖饮料组（低3.5个单位）、中性组（低2.2个单位）和含糖饮料组（低3.2个单位）（均P<0.05）。
在该样本中，13至17岁的饮料摄入模式与17岁时的人体测量指标及BMI有关。饮料摄入模式可能是影响生长的总体食物选择和饮食行为的特征。
