Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
Nutrients. 2018 Nov 27;10(12):1831. doi: 10.3390/nu10121831.
Protein encoding genes constitute a small fraction of mammalian genomes. In addition to the protein coding genes, there are other functional units within the genome that are transcribed, but not translated into protein, the so called non-coding RNAs. There are many types of non-coding RNAs that have been identified and shown to have important roles in regulating gene expression either at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. A number of recent studies have highlighted that dietary manipulation in mammals can influence the expression or function of a number of classes of non-coding RNAs that contribute to the protein translation machinery. The identification of protein translation as a common target for nutritional regulation underscores the need to investigate how this may mechanistically contribute to phenotypes and diseases that are modified by nutritional intervention. Finally, we describe the state of the art and the application of emerging '-omics' technologies to address the regulation of protein translation in response to diet.
蛋白质编码基因构成了哺乳动物基因组的一小部分。除了蛋白质编码基因外，基因组内还有其他转录但不翻译成蛋白质的功能单元，即所谓的非编码 RNA。已经鉴定出许多类型的非编码 RNA，它们在转录或转录后水平上调节基因表达中具有重要作用。最近的一些研究强调，哺乳动物的饮食调控可以影响许多类非编码 RNA 的表达或功能，这些非编码 RNA有助于蛋白质翻译机制。将蛋白质翻译鉴定为营养调控的共同靶标，突出了需要研究这如何在机制上有助于通过营养干预来改变的表型和疾病。最后，我们描述了最新技术和新兴的“组学”技术在研究饮食对蛋白质翻译的调控中的应用。
