Charles Lucie, Yeung Nick
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2019 Jan;45(1):39-52. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000583. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Our decisions are accompanied by a subjective sense of confidence about whether the choices we have made are correct or erroneous. We investigate the information on which these confidence judgments are based, and how they relate to the decision itself, by studying how fluctuations in perceptual information influence decisions and second-order metacognitive evaluations of confidence and accuracy. Human participants judged which of two dynamically changing stimuli contained more dots, under instructions emphasizing either speed or accuracy. Crucially, stimuli remained visible for one second after the decision, before participants rated their confidence in their choice. We found that confidence and error detection depended on the balance of stimulus evidence accumulated in the periods both preceding and following the initial decision, regardless of whether instructions emphasized speed or accuracy. These findings suggest a shared computational basis for error detection and confidence judgments, with implications for current models of metacognitive evaluation of decision processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
我们的决策伴随着一种主观的自信感，关乎我们所做的选择是正确还是错误。我们通过研究感知信息的波动如何影响决策以及对信心和准确性的二阶元认知评估，来探究这些信心判断所基于的信息，以及它们与决策本身的关系。人类参与者在强调速度或准确性的指示下，判断两个动态变化的刺激中哪一个包含更多的点。至关重要的是，在参与者对自己的选择进行信心评级之前，刺激在决策后仍会显示一秒钟。我们发现，信心和错误检测取决于初始决策之前和之后积累的刺激证据的平衡，无论指示强调的是速度还是准确性。这些发现表明错误检测和信心判断有一个共同的计算基础，这对当前决策过程的元认知评估模型具有启示意义。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2018美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
